康乃馨抗尖孢镰刀菌无性系诱变技术  

Clonal Mutagenesis Technique of Carnation Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum

作　　者：王丽花[1] 蒋亚莲[1] 许凤[1] 杨秀梅[1] 黄望启[1] 苏艳[1] 张丽芳[1] 张艺萍[1] WANG Lihua;JIANG Yalian;XU Feng;YANG Xiumei;HUANG Wangqi;SU Yan;ZHANG Lifang;ZHANG Yiping(Flower Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Ornamental Horticulture Engineering Research Center/Yunnan Flower Breeding Key Laboratory/Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center/Kunming Flower Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院花卉研究所/国家观赏园艺工程技术研究中心/云南省花卉育种重点实验室/云南省花卉技术创新中心/昆明市花卉遗传改良重点实验室,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第3期94-101,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省种子种业联合实验室项目(202205AR070001);云南省财政厅绿色食品种牌打造科技支撑行动(花卉)专项(530000210000000013742)。

摘　　要：枯萎病是康乃馨鲜切花种植过程中较为严重的真菌病害之一,该病的病原菌是尖孢镰刀菌康乃馨专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi),培育和合理种植抗病品种是防控康乃馨枯萎病最有效的方法之一。应用植物体细胞无性系变异及真菌毒素加压筛选技术,可以定向培育康乃馨抗病育种材料并加快抗病品种选育速度,为康乃馨抗病育种提供新的思路。为获得抗枯萎病的康乃馨育种中间材料,以感枯萎病的康乃馨多花品种紫蝴蝶组培苗为试验材料,诱导愈伤组织并进行悬浮培养建立悬浮培养系,再用甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变后添加尖孢镰刀菌毒素粗提液筛选抗病细胞系。结果表明,诱导愈伤组织最适宜的培养基是Murashig-Skoog培养基+麦草畏1.0 mg/L;筛选出EMS最佳处理组合为0.4%处理4 h;在80.0%的粗毒素培养基上培养10 d是康乃馨抗尖孢镰刀菌无性系筛选较适宜的选择压;诱导康乃馨再生植株较好的激素组合是苄氨基腺嘌呤(BA)0.5 mg/L+噻苯隆(TDZ) 0.1 mg/L+萘乙酸(NAA)0.1 mg/L;经人工接种尖孢镰刀菌进行抗病性鉴定后发现,紫蝴蝶抗病无性系的病情指数为45,为中抗水平。Carnation wilt disease is one of the most serious fungal diseases in the planting process of fresh cut flowers of carnations.It has been reported that this disease is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi.Breeding and rational utilization of resistant varieties is still one of the most effective methods to control carnation Fusarium wilt.Using somaclonal variation and in vitro screening of toxins can cultivate disease-resistant breeding materials of carnations,accelerate the breeding process of disease resistant varieties,and provide new ideas for disease resistant breeding for carnations.To obtain breeding intermediate materials with resistance to wilt disease of carnations,in this study,tissue cultures derived from in vitro plantlets of spray carnation Purple Butterfly,which is susceptible to F.oxysporum f.sp.dianthi,were successfully used for induction of callus tissue and establishment of a suspension culture system through suspension culture.Resistant cell lines were screened by adding crude extract of F.oxysporum toxin after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS).The results showed that the optimal culture medium for inducing callus tissue was Murashig-Skoog medium+ 1.0 mg/L of dicamba,the screened optimal EMS combination was 0.4% and 4.0 hours of treatment.The appropriate selection pressure for screening carnation clones resistant to F.oxysporum was cultivation on 80.0% of crude toxin medium for 10 days.The optimal combination of hormones for induction of regenerated plants of carnations was 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylaminopurine(BA) + 0.1 mg/L of thidiazuron(TDZ) + 0.1 mg/L of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA).Disease resistance identification by artificial inoculation with F.oxysporum found that the disease index of the disease resistant clone of Purple Butterfly was 45,indicating it was at medium-resistance level.

关 键 词：康乃馨 尖孢镰刀菌 诱变 毒素 无性系 

分 类 号：S436.81[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]