山西省黄芪籽蜂的危害及田间发生规律  

Damage and Field Occurrence Rule of Bruchophagus in Shanxi Province

作　　者：师文丽 康婕 郝佳伟 牛颜冰[2] 张仙红[1] SHI Wenli;KANG Jie;HAO Jiawei;NIU Yanbing;ZHANG Xianhong(College of Plant Protection,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China;College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学植物保护学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学生命科学学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第3期123-128,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21);山西省现代农业产业技术体系建设(中药材)(2022-05);山西农业大学“特”“优”农业高质量发展科技支撑工程(TYGC-45);山西农业大学地方合作项目(XDHZGQY2202-01)。

摘　　要：黄芪籽蜂是一类为害黄芪(Astragalus)种子的主要害虫,对黄芪种子的产量和品质造成了严重的影响。为明确黄芪籽蜂在山西省黄芪不同种植区的发生危害特点及发生规律,为该虫的预测预报以及制定有效防控措施具有重要指导意义,试验于2021年和2022年在山西省不同地区对黄芪籽蜂的发生种类、危害情况及田间发生规律进行了研究。结果表明,山西省发生的黄芪籽蜂包括黄芪种子小蜂(Bruchophagus huonchili)、内蒙黄芪籽蜂(B.mongolicus)、圆腹黄芪籽蜂(B.ciriventrious)、北京黄芪籽蜂(B.beijingensis)、拟京黄芪籽蜂(B.pseudobeijingensis)及黄芪种子金小峰(Habrocytus huonchei)共6种,但不同种植区发生的优势种存在一定的差异,太谷区和浑源县的优势种为黄芪种子小蜂,五寨县的优势种为黄芪种子金小蜂;且不同种植区黄芪种荚和种子的被害率不同,其中浑源县的种荚和种子的被害率最高,分别为65.93%和41.36%。此外,田间调查结果发现,黄芪不同种植区黄芪籽蜂发生期存在一定差异,晋中太谷区黄芪籽蜂发生期较五寨县和浑源县早,表明随纬度增加,危害时间向后推迟,山西省黄芪籽蜂从5月中下旬开始发生可持续到8月上中旬,但不同地区发生高峰期不同。Bruchophagus is a serious pest that damages the seeds of Astragalus,causing significant negative effects on the yield and quality of Astragalus seeds.In order to clarify the characteristics and mechanism by which Bruchophagus damages in different planting areas of Shanxi province,in this study,the species,damage situation,and field occurrence rule of Bruchophagus in different regions of Shanxi province from 2021 to 2022 were studied.The results suggested that the Bruchophagus species in Shanxi province included six species:B.huonchili,B.mongolicus,B.ciriventrious,B.beijingensis,B.pseudobeijingensis,and Habrocytus huonchei.However,the dominant species differed in different planting areas.B.huonchili was dominant in Taigu district and Hunyuan county,while H.huonchei was dominant in Wuzhai county.Moreover,the infestation rates of pods and seeds of Astragalus varied among different planting areas,with Hunyuan county showing the highest rates of 65.93% and 41.36%,respectively.Additionally,field investigation found that there were differences in the occurrence period of Bruchophagus among different planting areas.The occurrence period in Taigu district,Jinzhong city,was earlier than in Wuzhai county and Hunyuan county,indicating a delayed occurrence as latitude increases.In Shanxi province,the Bruchophagus occurred from mid-May or late-May to early-August or mid-August,with variations in the peak occurrence period among different regions.

关 键 词：黄芪籽蜂 黄芪 优势种 田间发生规律 山西省 

分 类 号：S435.672[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]