不同生长年限子洲黄芪休眠期的质量差异  

Quality Variation of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus with Different Growing Years in Zizhou County

作　　者：张花平 崔靖靖 贺学林[1] ZHANG Hua-ping;CUI Jing-jing;HE Xue-lin(Yulin University,Yulin 719000,China;Fruit Industry Technology Development Service Center of Wuqi County,Yan'an 717600,China)

机构地区：[1]榆林学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]吴起县果业技术发展服务中心,陕西延安717600

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2024年第4期672-676,共5页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：陕西省科技厅自然科学研究计划重点项目(2021NY-093);陕西省榆林市科技局产学研合作项目(CXY-2021-86)。

摘　　要：目的:比较不同生长年限子洲黄芪休眠前期和休眠后期的有效成分含量,揭示子洲黄芪在休眠期各有效成分的变化规律,确定子洲黄芪的最适采收期。方法:采用随机取样法收集8批不同生长年限休眠前期及休眠后期的子洲黄芪,以黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷和水溶性浸出物质量分数为指标,结合聚类分析法分析其质量差异。结果:各指标含量测定结果显示,随生长年限的增加,各成分含量呈规律性动态变化。黄芪甲苷与毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷质量分数均在生长5年时达到最高值,分别为0.166%、0.079%;水溶性浸出物质量分数在生长7年时达到最高值,为21.290%。对不同生长年限休眠前期和休眠后期的各成分含量进行对比发现,休眠后期黄芪甲苷质量分数显著下降,且下降幅度逐年增大,生长7年时下降幅度最大,为54.09%;毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷质量分数增加,生长5年时增幅最大,为145.83%;水溶性浸出物质量分数生长7年时增幅最大,为18.40%。结论:子洲黄芪有效成分积累受生长年限及采收时间的影响,且变化趋势不一致,如以毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷为指标,宜在生长5年休眠后期采收;如以黄芪甲苷为指标,宜在生长5年休眠前期采收;若综合考虑黄芪甲苷及毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷含量,宜在生长6年休眠前期采收。Objective:To compare the content and reveal the variations of active components at the early and late dormancy stages of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus growing for different years in Zizhou County,so as to determine the optimal harvesting time.Methods:The random sampling method was employed to collect 8 batches of A.membranaceus var.mongholicus samples in dormancy and growing for different years in Zizhou County.With the content of astragalosideⅣ,calycosin-7-O-glucoside,and water extract as evaluation indexes,the quality of the samples was compared by the hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).Results:With the increase in growing years,the content of each component presented regularly dynamic changes.The content of astragalosideⅣand calycosin-7-O-glucoside peaked in the samples of 5 years old,being 0.166%and 0.079%,respectively.The content of water extract was the highest(21.290%)in the 7-yearold samples.The content of astragalosideⅣsignificantly decreased at the late dormancy stage compared with that at the early dormancy stage,and the decrease rate increased year by year,being the highest(54.09%)in the 7-year-old samples.The content of calycosin-7-O-glucoside and water extract increased at the late dormancy stage,with the largest increases(145.83%and 18.40%,respectively)in the 5-year-old and 7-year-old samples,respectively.Conclusion:The accumulation of active components in A.membranaceus var.mongholicus growing in Zizhou County were affected by the growing years and harvesting time,presenting inconsistent changes.With calycosin-7-O-glucoside as the evaluation index,the 5-year-old A.membranaceus var.mongholicus plants at the late dormancy stage were recommended for harvesting.With astragalosideⅣas the evaluation index,the 5-year-old plants at the early dormancy stage were recommended for harvesting.With both astragalosideⅣand calycosin-7-O-glucoside as evaluation indexes,the 6-year-old plants at the early harvesting stage were recommended for harvesting.

关 键 词：子洲县 蒙古黄芪 生长年限 休眠期 采收期 

分 类 号：R282.2[医药卫生—中药学]