美国司法政治化现象探析  

An Analysis of the Politicization of American Judiciary

作　　者：邱静[1] Qiu Jing(Institute of World Economics and Politics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界经济与政治研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期89-103,共15页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：美国政治的司法化让法官能够审理具有政策意义的案件,拥有较大的自由裁量空间,这又反过来促成“司法政治化”现象,法官可能诉诸于法律之外的标准,作出具有政治意义的决定,催生了司法机构内的政治斗争。在美国司法政治化中,美国司法领域的意识形态两极分化现象日趋严重,并且具有愈演愈烈的特征和趋势,主要体现在法官任命和司法决策等方面。如今美国总统在任命联邦大法官上主要关注意识形态的兼容性和可靠性;美国法官基本上被意识形态划分——共和党人的投票基本上倾向于保守主义,民主党人的投票基本上倾向于自由主义。美国司法政治化日益严重主要源于社会经济不平等加剧、文化战争愈演愈烈、政党政治极化现象日益严重、司法机构受到精英政治的影响逐渐增强。美国司法政治化损害了司法机构的权威,加剧了美国政治极化和社会分裂程度。The judicialization of American politics enables judges to hear cases of policy significance and has a greater room for discretion,which in turn promotes the phenomenon of"judicial politicization".Judges may resort to standards outside the law to make political decisions,which have spawned political battles within the judiciary.In the politicization of the American judiciary,the ideological polarization of the American judiciary is becoming more and more serious,and has more and more intense characteristics and trends,mainly reflected in the appointment of judges and judicial decision-making.Today's U.S.presidents focus primarily on ideological compatibility and reliability when appointing federal justices;U.S.Republican and Democratic judges are largely divided by ideology-all Republicans votes tend to be conservatism,and all Democrats votes liberalism.The increasing politicization of judiciary in the United States is mainly due to the increasing social and economic inequality,the intensifying culture war,the increasing political polarization of parties,and the increasing influence of the judiciary by elite politics.The politicization of the American judiciary has affected the authority and legitimacy of the judiciary,further deepening the phenomenon of political polarization and social division in the United States.

关 键 词：美国司法 司法政治化 美国政治极化 文化战争 

分 类 号：D93.712[政治法律—法学]