灌水和施硅对冬小麦叶片显微结构、光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of irrigation and silicon application on leaf microstructure,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat

作　　者：孙金阳 曹彩云[2] 郑春莲[2] 李科江[2] 马俊永[2] 张俊鹏 党红凯[2] SUN Jinyang;CAO Caiyun;ZHENG Chunlian;LI Kejiang;MA Junyong;ZHANG Junpeng;DANG Hongkai(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tan’an 271018,China;Institute of Dryland Farming,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Drought Resistance Research of Hebei Province,Hengshui 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,泰安271018 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所/河北省农作物抗旱研究重点实验室,衡水053000

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第5期827-838,共12页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301500);河北省重点研发计划项目(21327003D);河北省农林科学院基金项目(2021040201);河北省小麦产业体系衡水站资助。

摘　　要：为探究不同灌水和施硅处理对冬小麦光合器官发育及产量构成的影响,于2021—2023年采用灌水和施硅二因素区组试验设计,设置3组灌水处理[W_(0):春浇0水;W_(1):春浇1水(拔节期灌水);W_(2):春浇2水(拔节期和开花期各灌1次水)]和2组叶面硅肥处理[叶面喷施清水(Si_(0))、叶面喷施硅肥(Si_(1))],共计6组处理,分析不同灌溉制度下喷施叶面硅肥对冬小麦叶片显微结构、光合特性和产量构成的影响。结果表明,随灌水次数的增加,冬小麦叶肉细胞长宽积、叶片厚度、叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率呈上升趋势;与W_(0)处理相比,W_(1)处理单位面积穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量分别增加11.4%、6.8%、1.5%、16.4%,W_(2)处理依次增加15.5%、12.4%、4.8%、37.4%。施用硅肥可以提高冬小麦叶片厚度,延缓花后旗叶叶绿素降解,提高净光合速率,促使单位面积穗数增加4.9%,籽粒产量增加3.3%;施硅对冬小麦产量的促进效应随灌水次数的增加而减弱,与Si_(0)相比,Si_(1)条件下W_(0)处理冬小麦单位面积穗数和籽粒产量分别增加8.8%和8.3%,W_(1)处理依次增加4.2%和3.4%。冬小麦籽粒产量与叶肉细胞长宽积、叶片厚度、叶绿素相对含量、净光合速率呈正相关关系。本研究条件下,增加灌水有利于提高冬小麦光合能力和籽粒产量,水分不足时喷施硅肥能优化冬小麦叶片结构,增强光合作用,提升产量水平。Irrigation is an important cultivation measure that affects plant growth and photosynthesis,and silicon fertilizers can effect-ively improve the photosynthetic characteristics of crops under low-water conditions.Although many studies exist on the effects of different irrigation systems and silicon application treatments on the growth and yield of winter wheat,only a few have highlighted the effects of silicon application on the microstructure and photosynthetic rate of winter wheat leaves under different irrigation sys-tems.To explore the effects of different irrigation and silicon treatments on the development of photosynthetic organs and yield com-ponents of winter wheat,a two-factor experiment was conducted with three groups of irrigation treatments[W_(0):no irrigation in spring;W_(1):irrigation once in spring(irrigation at jointing stage);W_(2):irrigation twice in spring(irrigation once at jointing stage and flowering stage respectively)]and two groups of silicon fertilizer treatments[foliar sprayed with fresh water(Si0)and foliar sprayed with silicon fertilizer(Si1)]from 2021 to 2023.Six treatments were used to analyze the effects of spraying silicon fertilizer on leaf mi-crostructure,photosynthetic characteristics,and yield composition of winter wheat under different irrigation systems.The results showed that,with increasing irrigation time,the mesophyll cell size,leaf thickness,relative chlorophyll content,and net photosynthet-ic rate of winter wheat increased.Compared with W_(0)treatment,the spike number per unit area,grain number per spike,1000-grain weight,and grain yield of W_(1)treatment increased by 11.4%,6.8%,1.5%,and 16.4%,respectively,and those of W_(2)treatment in-creased by 15.5%,12.4%,4.8%,and 37.4%,respectively.The application of silicon fertilizer increased the leaf thickness of winter wheat,delayed the degradation of chlorophyll in flag leaves,and increased the net photosynthetic rate,which contributed to the in-crease in the number of spikes per unit area by 4.9%and grain yield by 3.3%;the

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌溉制度 硅肥 叶肉细胞 光合速率 产量 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S512[农业科学—农业工程]