华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米农田蒸散观测对比研究  

A comparison and discussion of observational studies on farmland evapotranspiration in the North China Plain

作　　者：李镕基 杨天一 刘帆 沈彦俊[1,2] 张玉翠 LI Rongji;YANG Tianyi;LIU Fan;SHEN Yanjun;ZHANG Yucui(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Labo-ratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省节水农业重点实验室,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学现代农业科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报（中英文）》2024年第5期851-859,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900801);国家自然科学基金项目(41930865,42171023,42201052);河北省自然科学基金创新群体项目(D2021503001)资助。

摘　　要：华北平原是我国的粮食主产区之一,然而该地区水资源非常短缺,精准测算农田蒸散量(ET)对于该地区合理配置水资源、提高农业用水效率具有非常重要的科学意义和实践价值。本研究利用涡度相关法、水量平衡法和蒸渗仪法对2013年10月—2018年9月的华北平原典型冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟农田生态系统ET进行了连续的观测对比研究。结果表明:3种方法测定的ET季节变化趋势基本一致,且不同方法间ET变化显著正相关,相关系数r>0.90;总体表现为蒸渗仪法最高,水量平衡法和涡度相关法较低,水量平衡法计算的ET与蒸渗仪法和涡度相关法相关性均为在0.94,因此其更适于不同尺度ET变化的验证研究。全年来看,水量平衡法测得的平均年ET为788.6 mm,比涡度相关法(717.9 mm)高9.8%,蒸渗仪法测得的年ET为906.4 mm,比涡度相关法高26.2%。冬小麦关键生育期(拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期)的ET占生育季总ET的57.3%~61.5%,夏玉米关键生育期(抽穗期、开花期、灌浆期)的ET占生育季总ET的58.5%~61.6%。综上,在ET变化及其影响等研究中可以根据研究内容及情况结合各种方法优缺点,选择适宜的观测方法。The North China Plain is an important grain-producing area in China,and the water resources in this region are limited;therefore,accurately measuring the evapotranspiration(ET)of farmland is of great scientific significance and practical value for the region to reasonably allocate water resources and improve the efficiency of agricultural water use.In this study,ET was measured using the eddy covariance(EC),water balance(WB),and large-scale lysimeter(LYS)methods in a typical winter wheat and summer maize double-cropping agroecosystem in the North China Plain from October 2013 to September 2018.The results showed that the seasonal trends of ET measured by the three methods were generally consistent and were significantly positively correlated among the different methods with a correlation coefficient(r)of more than 0.90;the value of ET measured using the LYS method(ETLYS)was the highest,while the values of the WB method(ETWB)and the EC method(ETEC)were lower.The correlation coefficients between ETWB and ETLYS and ETEC were both approximately 0.94;thus,the WB method was more suitable for validating ET changes at differ-ent scales.The average annual ETWB and ETLYS were 788.6 mm and 906.4 mm,which were 9.8%and 26.2%higher than ETEC(717.9 mm),respectively.The ET of winter wheat during the key growth periods(jointing,heading,and filling stages)accounted for 57.3%-61.5%of the total ET during the growing season;for summer maize,the ET in the key growth periods(heading,flowering,and filling stages)accounted for 58.5%-61.6%.In summary,in studies of ET changes and their effects,appropriate observation meth-ods should be selected based on specific objectives and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods.

关 键 词：蒸散 涡度相关系统 蒸渗仪 水量平衡法 华北平原 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]