世界优秀男子网球运动员不同击球区域效用分析——以德约科维奇与费德勒为例  

An Analysis of the Utility of Different Hitting Zones of World-class Male Tennis Players——Taking Djokovic and Federer as Examples

作　　者：李萌 李伟峰[1] Li Meng;Li Weifeng(College of Physical Education,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学体育学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2024年第4期59-67,共9页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：网球属于隔网对抗类项目,运动员的技战术运用是获胜的关键。目前对小球类运动员的技、战术效能的分析与评价主要是以二维平面上的击球作为观察指标。本文运用录像观察法、数理统计法等研究方法,以世界优秀网球运动员的击球位置作为研究的突破口,以前人对网球场击球区域划分为基础,将运动员在不同击球区域中的技术选择与落点选择作为个人偏好,以击球效果为客观收益值,通过构建相对客观、真实的二维空间效用函数来量化世界优秀网球男子单打运动员德约科维奇和费德勒在不同击球区域中的决策与效果。结果表明,(1)德约科维奇在发球局与接发球局效用值均高于费德勒,各击球区域技战术搭配较费德勒更合理;(2)在技术使用上,双方均主要使用正、反手抽球技术,德约科维奇正、反手抽球技术比例比较均衡,费德勒正手抽球技术使用率远高于反手抽球技术使用率;(3)2人的正手抽球技术较反手抽球技术更容易实现战术意图,反手切削球技术难实现战术意图。Tennis belongs to the category of confrontation sports across the net,and the athletes'technical and tactical utilization is the key to winning.At present,the analysis and evaluation of the technical and tactical efficacy of small-ball players are mainly based on the hitting on the two-dimensional plane as the observation index.This paper uses video observation,mathematical statistics and other methods to take the hiting position of the world's best tennis players as the breakthrough of the research,based on the former's division of the hitting area of the tennis court,taking the athletes'technical choices and landing point choices in different hiting areas as their personal preferences,and the hitting effect as the objective gain value.The study quantifies the decisions and effects of the world's best tennis players in dfferent hitting zones by constructing a relatively objective and realistic two-dimensional spatial utility function.The study shows that Novak Djokovic has higher utility values than Federer in both serving and receiving games,and his technical and tactical combinations in each hitting area are more reasonable than Federer's.The study also shows that Novak Djokovic is more effective than Federer in serving and receiving games.In terms of technique usage,both players mainly used forehand and backhand pumping techniques,and the proportion of Djokovic's forehand and backhand pumping techniques was more balanced,while Federer's forehand pumping technique usage rate was much higher than his backhand pumping technique usage rate.It is easier to realize the tactical intention of the two players'forehand pumping technique than backhand pumping technique,and it is difficult to realize the tactical intention of the backhand cutting technique.

关 键 词：网球运动 德约科维奇 费德勒 技战术 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]