余甘子斑点病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性及防治药剂筛选  

Identification,biological characteristics and screening of fungi⁃cides for Phyllanthus emblica L.spot disease pathogen

作　　者：赖多[1] 王德林 周国昌 邵雪花[1] 秦健 庄庆礼 蔡时可[3] 肖维强[1] LAI Duo;WANG De-lin;ZHOU Guo-chang;SHAO Xue-hua;QIN Jian;ZHUANG Qing-li;CAI Shi-ke;XIAO Wei-qiang(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China;Shanwei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanwei,Guangdong 516699,China;Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]汕尾市农业科学院,广东汕尾516699 [3]广东省农业科学院作物研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2024年第2期479-488,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广东省重点研发计划项目(2019B020217003-04);广东省农业科学院汕尾分院科技合作专项(2023分院专项01);汕尾市科技计划项目(2023B006)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确余甘子果实斑点病的病原菌种类,了解其生物学特性,筛选有效的防治药剂,为余甘子果实斑点病的科学诊断和田间防治提供理论依据。【方法】从广东省汕尾市陆河县余甘子产业园种植基地采集发生斑点病的余甘子果实,采用组织分离法对余甘子斑点病病果进行病原菌分离,通过形态学特征和基于多基因(ITS、TUB和EF1-α)的系统发育进化分析对病原菌进行鉴定;采用针刺接种法测定病原菌菌株的致病力;采用菌丝生长速率法测定不同培养条件对病原菌菌丝生长的影响;通过室内毒力测定评估12种常见杀菌剂对病原菌的抑菌活性。【结果】从余甘子病果中分离出1株病原真菌菌株PE3,致病性测定结果表明,该菌株为余甘子斑点病致病菌,其形态特征与间座壳菌Diaporthe phoenicicola相似,且其ITS、TUB和EF1-α基因系统发育进化树分析显示与D.phoenicicola聚在同一分支。生物学特性测定结果显示,菌株PE3菌丝生长的最适温度为25℃,最适p H为7,最适生长碳源为甘油和蔗糖,最适生长氮源为酵母提取物。室内毒力测定结果显示,450 g/L咪鲜胺乳油对菌株PE3菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,抑制中浓度(EC_(50))为0.019 mg/L;其次是8%氟硅唑微乳剂、10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂,EC_(50)分别为0.023、0.124和0.194 mg/L;而2%春雷霉素水剂对菌株PE3菌丝生长的抑制效果最差,EC_(50)为402.336 mg/L。【结论】间座壳菌D.phoenicicola是引起余甘子果实斑点病的病原菌,450 g/L咪鲜胺乳油、8%氟硅唑微乳剂、10%苯醚甲环唑微乳剂和25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂能有效防治余甘子果实斑点病,可在余甘子种植中推广应用。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to identify the pathogen species of Phyllanthus emblica L.fruit spot disease,to understand its biological characteristics,to screen the effective fungicides,and to provide theoretical ba‐sis for the scientific diagnosis and field control of P.emblica fruit spot disease.【Method】The P.emblica fruits with spot disease were collected from the planting base of P.emblica industrial park in Luhe County of Shanwei city,Guangdong Province.Tissue separation method was used to isolate pathogens from P.emblica fruits with spot disease.The pathogens were identified by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evolutionary analysis based on multiple genes(ITS,TUB and EF1-α).The pathogenicity of the pathogen strains was determined using the pin-prick inoculation method.The effects of different culture conditions on the mycelial growth of pathogens were determined based on the mycelium growth rate method,and the inhibition activities of 12 common fungicides against the pathogen were evaluated by indoor viru‐lence assay.【Result】A pathogenic fungus strain PE3 was isolated from the diseased fruit of P.emblica.The pathogenicity test results showed that this strain was the pathogen causing the spot disease of P.emblica.Its morphological characteris‐tics were similar to those of Diaporthe phoenicicola.Phylogenetic tree analysis of its ITS,TUB and EF1-αgenes showed that it was clustered in the same branch with D.phoenicicola.The results of biological characteristics measurements showed that the optimum temperature for mycelial growth of strain PE3 was 25℃,the optimum pH was 7,the optimum carbon sources for growth were glycerin and sucrose,and the optimum nitrogen source for growth was yeast extract.The results of indoor virulence assay showed that 450 g/L prochloraz emulsifiable concentrate had the strongest inhibition ef‐fect on mycelial growth of strain PE3,with median inhibitory concentration(EC_(50))of 0.019 mg/L.It was followed by 8%flusilazole microemulsion,10%d

关 键 词：余甘子 果实斑点病 间座壳菌 生物学特性 毒力测定 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]