扬州刻书小史  

A Brief History of Block Printing in Yangzhou

作　　者：徐忆农[1] XU Yinong(Nanjing Library)

机构地区：[1]南京图书馆

出　　处：《印刷文化（中英文）》2024年第1期31-43,共13页Print Culture

摘　　要：扬州是我国著名的商业都市和文化古城,有2500多年的建城史。扬州传统印刷术,以雕版印刷为主,兴盛于唐,延续于宋、元、明,发展于清至民国,复兴于当代。在各个历史时期,都有着众多技艺高超的能工巧匠云集扬州,他们薪火相传,世代以刻书为业,书写工整,镌刻秀丽,选纸、用墨、装帧精良考究,生产出的图书精美而能传之久远,为古城的文化繁荣作出了极大的贡献。同时,传世文献中最早明确记载出现雕版印刷术的地区有扬州,另据日本学者研究,唐代的鉴真和尚将雕版印刷术带至东瀛,因此扬州很可能是中国印刷术起源和向海外传播的地区之一。宋代沈括的《梦溪笔谈》在人类历史上第一次记载了活字印刷术,而《梦溪笔谈》最早刻本是在扬州刻印的,使扬州成为较早将活字印刷术向四方传播的地区。清代以来扬州套色印刷的年画、笺谱精美出色,在中国套色印刷史上谱写了绚丽的篇章。时至今日,扬州中国雕版印刷博物馆秉承古城丰厚的文化积淀,仍珍藏有10万余片珍贵古籍雕版版片,同时扬州广陵古籍刻印社、广陵书社更以继承了全套雕版、活字、套色等中国传统印刷工艺流程而蜚声海内外,为扬州的出版印刷事业增添了更为丰富的内涵。扬州的传统印刷术由古及今,绵延不绝,在中国乃至世界印刷史上都发挥过非常重要的作用。Yangzhou is a renowned commercial city and cultural center in ancient China with a history of over 2500 years. The traditional printing techniques in Yangzhou, mainly woodblock printing,flourished in Yangzhou during the Tang Dynasty, continued through the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, developed from the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China period, and was revived in contemporary times. Throughout history, craftsmanship has been passed down through generations of highly skilled block printing artisans who gathered in Yangzhou. Their handwriting is neat, their engraving work exquisite, and their selection of paper, ink, and binding careful and showing great aesthetic tastes. The books thus printed are exquisite and enduring, making significant contributions to cultural prosperity in this time-honored city. Moreover, Yangzhou is one of the places where block printing first appeared, according to historical records, and some Japanese scholars believe that it was the monk Jianzhen who brought block printing from Tang-Dynasty China to Japan, with his eastward journey that started from Yangzhou. This means that Yangzhou may be one of the places of origin of Chinese printing techniques and the starting point of the technique's spread to the outside world.During the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo's Brush Talks from Dream Brook contained the earliest records of the movable type printing technique, with the first printed edition of the book produced in Yangzhou,making it one of the first regions from where movable type printing started to spread afar. Since the Qing Dynasty, Yangzhou has been a hub of color block printing in China, churning out excellent color printed New Year paintings and writing paper. Today, the China Block Printing Museum in Yangzhou represents the rich cultural heritage of this ancient city with the over 100,000 precious ancient block printing types in its collection. Additionally, the Yangzhou Guangling Ancient Book Printing House and Guangling Publishing House have gained international reputation for kee

关 键 词：扬州刻书 印刷术起源 雕版印刷 活字印刷 套色印刷 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]