知识产权损害赔偿的阶梯式精确性理念  

The Stepwise Accuracy Idea of Intellectual Property Damages

作　　者：刘晓 Liu Xiao

机构地区：[1]上海大学法学院

出　　处：《知识产权》2024年第4期57-81,共25页Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“知识产权损害赔偿的裁判标准实证研究”(项目批准号:20CFX051)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国法院普遍秉持高度精确性的损害赔偿理念,很少认可推断方法,导致原告很难证明实际损失或侵权获利的确切数额,只能大量适用法定赔偿,赔偿数额的精确性较低。比较法上降低原告证明难度的方法有二:一是降低原告的证明标准,二是在原告与被告之间分配证明责任,蕴含了阶梯式精确性理念。根据这一理念,原告只需通过推断等方法初步证明实际损失或侵权获利的合理数额,就可完成证明责任,随后由被告进一步举证提升赔偿数额的精确性。阶梯式精确性理念可以大幅提升实际损失和侵权获利的适用比例,以较低的成本提升赔偿数额的精确性,优于现有做法,值得我国法院采纳。以电商平台案件为例,应用该理念的关键是提出推断实际损失和侵权获利的阶梯式方法。Since Chinese courts generally adhere to the high accuracy idea of damages and rarely accepting inferential methods,it is difficult for plaintiffs to prove the exact amount of actual loss or infringer's profits.Thus,Chinese courts can only apply statutory damages in most cases,which makes the accuracy of damages low.In comparative law,there are two ways to reduce the difficulty of proof for plaintiffs.One is to reduce standard of proof for plaintiffs,and the other is to allocate the burden of proof between plaintiffs and defendants,which contains the stepwise accuracy idea.According to this idea,plaintiffs have the initial burden of proving the reasonable amount of actual loss or infringer's profits through inferential methods,and then defendants need to further provide evidence to enhance the accuracy of damages.The stepwise accuracy idea can significantly increase the applicability ratio of actual loss and infringer's profits,and enhance the accuracy of damages at a lower cost.Therefore,the stepwise accuracy idea is superior to the existing practice and is worthy of adoption by Chinese courts.Taking e-commerce platform cases as an example,the key to applying this idea is to propose stepwise methods of inferring actual loss and infringer's profits.

关 键 词：损害赔偿 阶梯式精确性 证明标准 证明责任 推断方法 成本-收益分析 

分 类 号：D923.4[政治法律—民商法学]