国外新一代飞船回收着陆系统设计综述  

Overview of the Design of Recovery and Landing System of New Generation Manned Spacecraft Abroad

作　　者：余抗 尹钊 马俊峰 罗太超 盛一诺 郝平[1] YU Kang;YIN Zhao;MA Junfeng;LUO Taichao;SHENG Yinuo;HAO Ping(Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;College of Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100091,China;Beijing Institute of Tracking and Communication Technology,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]北京大学工学院,北京100091 [3]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2024年第2期252-260,共9页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：为开展大规模的商业航天活动并瞄准未来载人深空探测任务,美国加紧研制了以洛克希德·马丁公司的猎户座飞船、波音公司的星际航线飞船和星际探索公司的载人龙飞船为代表的新一代载人飞船,该类飞船均采用由多个降落伞组成的群伞系统进行着陆前减速、配置着陆缓冲气囊或倾斜飞船返回舱姿态实现低冲击着陆和无损回收,以达到飞船返回舱可重复使用并提升航天员着陆舒适度的目的。从工程应用角度出发,调研了国外新一代飞船回收着陆功能的方案设计、技术指标体系、产品参数和技术验证情况,从系统层面对其设计思想进行归纳总结,梳理出国外新一代载人飞船回收着陆功能的研制进展及发展趋势,以期为中国开展相关研制工作提供参考。Targeting large-scale commercial space activities and future manned deep space exploration missions,the United States intensified the development of the new generation of manned spacecraft represented by Lockheed Martin’s‘Orion’spacecraft,Boeing’s‘Starliner’spacecraft and Space X’s‘Crew Dragon’spacecraft.The new generation spacecraft adopted group parachute system composed of multiple parachutes to decelerate before landing.To achieve low impact landing and non-damage recovery,landing cushion airbag was configured or the attitude of the spacecraft reentry capsule was tilted.The purpose of reusable spacecraft re-entry capsule and improving the comfort of astronauts in landing was achieved.From the perspective of engineering application,the scheme design,the technical index system,the product parameters as well as the technology validation of the recovery and landing function of the new generation spacecraft abroad were investigated.The design ideas were summarized from the system level.In addition,the progress and developing trend of the recovery and landing function of the new generation manned spacecraft abroad were pointed out which may serve as a reference for the related researches in China.

关 键 词：新一代飞船 回收着陆设计 群伞系统 低冲击着陆 

分 类 号：V42[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]