政治系统外部条件影响NGOs政策参与空间的机制分析——以加拿大生态行动中心参与海洋治理为例  

Mechanism Analysis of the Impact of External Political System Conditions on NGOs'Policy Participation Space:A Case Study of Canadian Ecology Action Center's Involvement in Marine Governance

作　　者：欧阳慧英 俞祖成 Ouyang Huiying;Yu Zucheng(School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou;School of International Relations and Public Affairs,Shanghai International Studies University,Shanghai)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学公共管理学院 [2]上海外国语大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2024年第2期164-174,共11页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助项目“中国式基层治理现代化的理论与实践”(项目编号:2023TD001)。

摘　　要：随着NGOs在政策过程中的作用被认识,探究NGOs政策参与的影响因素成为重要论题。既有研究主要从政治系统内部视角进行分析,而较少从政治系统外部视角展开探讨。文章以加拿大生态行动中心参与海洋保护的政策过程为例,讨论其政策参与空间变化的原因,探究政治系统外部条件如何影响NGOs的政策参与。研究发现,为追求国家利益以及迫于国际、国内压力,国家在社会化过程中会产生内化国际规范的意愿。但面对新议题和新规范,一国政府往往缺乏落实能力,从而产生了政府治理压力,加之对于与NGOs合作的良好预期,政府会产生与NGOs合作的倾向,并为其提供各类政策参与渠道,由此拓宽了NGOs的政策参与空间。研究初步构建了全球海洋治理中“国家社会化—政府治理压力—NGOs的政策参与空间”这一国际条件影响国内行为的机制框架,从政治系统外部的视角拓展了NGOs政策参与的研究视野。Acknowledging the pivotal role of NGOs in the policymaking process,scrutinizing the determinants of NGOs'policy engagement has emerged as a critical area of inquiry.Prior investigations have predominantly concentrated on the internal mechanics of the political system,overlooking the impact of external influences.This study zeroes in on the Ecology Action Center's involvement in Canadian maritime governance as an exemplar,delineating the evolution of its policy engagement scope and examining the external factors shaping its policy participation.The findings illuminate that nations,through the process of socialization,often cultivate an inclination to assimilate international norms,driven by a blend of national interests,along with international and domestic pressures.Nonetheless,governments may find themselves ill-equipped to actualize these norms when confronted with novel challenges and standards,engendering governance strains.Such pressures,allied with the anticipatory benefits of governmental cooperation with NGOs,tend to nurture a governmental predisposition towards NGO collaboration.This dynamic,in turn,carves out diverse pathways for NGO policy involvement,thereby augmenting their space for policy participation.This research introduces a foundational framework for decoding the international influences on domestic actions within the sphere of global marine governance.It posits the State Socialization-Government Governance Pressures-NGOs'Policy Participation Space mechanism as a novel lens through which to extend the examination of NGOs'policy involvement from an external political system standpoint.

关 键 词：政治系统外部条件 NGOS 政策参与空间 政府治理压力 海洋治理 

分 类 号：D771.1[政治法律—政治学] X55[政治法律—中外政治制度]