多物种民族志:西方人类学的物种转向  

Multispecies Ethnography:The Species Turn of Western Anthropology

作　　者：冯琳[1] Feng Lin

机构地区：[1]南开大学社会学院,天津市300350

出　　处：《民族研究》2024年第1期58-79,M0004,共23页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：南开大学文科发展基金青年项目“凉山彝族‘地区神药多解’的健康模式与实践研究”(项目编号:ZB22BZ0335)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在人类学百余年发展历史中,指向“他者”的研究旨趣出现了文化转向、性别转向、物种转向等三次转向,完成了文化“他者”、性别“她者”、物种“它者”三次转型。多物种民族志是西方人类学物种转向的产物,开启了后人类主义研究与书写物种“它者”的尝试。作为一种新兴的民族志类型,多物种民族志一方面强调“它者”的主体性,正视人与“它者”共生的关系世界;另一方面也积极拓展民族志的方法论工具箱,以超越“自然一文化”分析框架的复调叙事揭示人与“它者”之间错综复杂的经验现实。厘清多物种民族志何以生成,既能够捕捉多物种民族志之于西方社会的理论诉求与现实意义,也有助于推动中西人类学“它者”研究的对话与交流。In the history of anthropology for more than 100 years.there have been three turns in the research purpose towards"the other",which include the cultural turn.the gender turn and the species turn,completing three transformations of culture"others",female"others"and species"others".Multispecies ethnography is the product of the species turn of W estern anthropology,which started the attempt of writing species"others"in the post-humanist research.As a new genre of ethnography,multispecies ethnography,on the one hand.acknowledges the subjectivity of species"others'"and examines the relational world between human beings and species"others"with an attitude of equality;on the other hand.it also actively expands the methodology of ethnography to reveal the entangled realities between human beings and species"others"through polyphonic narrative beyond the binary framework of"nature culture".To clarify the origin of multispecies ethnography can not only capture the theoretical appeal and practical significance of multispecies et hnography in Western society.but also promote the conversation and exchanges between Chinese and Western anthropology.

关 键 词：多物种民族志 “它者”物种亲密性 “与之共生” 超越人类的人类学 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]