三种古建筑常用阔叶树材耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究  

The Decay Resistance and Preservative Treatability of Three Hardwoods Commonly Used in Ancient Buildings

作　　者：方旋 张景朋 李嘉欣 熊怡心 杨淑燕 马星霞[1] FANG Xuan;ZHANG Jingpeng;LI Jiaxin;XIONG Yixin;YANG Shuyan;MA Xingxia(Research Institute of Wood Industry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京100091 [2]西安交通大学,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《木材科学与技术》2024年第2期29-35,共7页Chinese Journal of Wood Science and Technology

基　　金：中央公益性科研院所基金平台项目“木质材料功能化处理与评价”(CAFYBB2023PA004);国家自然科学基金项目“基于木材微生物多样性分析的木材腐朽机理研究”(31971588);国家文物局文物保护行业标准制定项目“古建筑木结构病害分类与图示”(WW2020-004-T)。

摘　　要：杨木、榆木和槐木是我国古建筑常用阔叶树材,进一步了解其耐腐性能和防腐可处理性能,可为古建筑木结构防腐处理和修缮保护提供参考。本研究选择槐木(Styphnolobium japonica)、榆木(Ulmus pumila)和大青杨(Populus ussuriensis)三种木材,首先测定其天然耐腐等级,然后通过铜唑防腐剂的载药量和横截面渗透情况来评价木材的防腐可处理性,并测试防腐处理材的耐腐性能,最后对比分析三种木材的孔隙结构特征与防腐可处理性之间的联系。结果表明:大青杨最容易被处理,榆木次之,槐木最难处理。其中,槐木为Ⅰ级强耐腐木材,榆木和大青杨分别为Ⅲ级稍耐腐和IV级不耐腐木材,古建筑中替换杨木和榆木构件需要进行防腐处理来提高耐腐性能,且其经过铜唑防腐处理后均可达到强耐腐等级。三种木材的孔隙结构和防腐可处理性结果分析显示:木材中介孔难以被铜唑防腐剂渗透,且孔径在大孔范围分布越大、所占比例越高的木材,其防腐可处理性越强。Populus spp.,Ulmus spp.,and Styphnolobium spp.are the three hardwood species commonly used in ancient buildings in China.To provide a reference for the preservation and restoration of ancient wood buildings,this study evaluated the decay resistance and preservative treatability of three hardwood species.First the decay resistance of the Styphnolobium japonica,Ulmus pumila,and Populus ussuriensis was determined using the laboratory decay resistance test method,and then the preservative treatability of the wood was evaluated by the net retention and cross-sectional penetration of injected CuAz-4 preservative.The preservative-treated specimens were tested for decay resistance.Finally,the pore structure parameters were quantitatively characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry, to analyze therelationship between the pore structures and their preservative treatability. The results showed thatPopulus ussuriensis was the easiest to treat, Ulmus pumila was next, and Styphnolobium japonica was themost difficult to treat. Among them, Styphnolobium japonica was a strong decay resistant species (GradeI), Ulmus pumila and Populus ussuriensis were slightly durable (Grade III) and not durable (Grade IV),respectively. Ulmus spp. and Populus spp. wood components in ancient buildings needed to be treated toimprove decay resistance. After CuAz-4 preservative treatment the wood samples reached the strongdecay resistant level. Analysis of the results for pore structure and preservative treatability showed thatmesopores were difficult to be penetrated by CuAz-4 preservative, the larger the pore size distribution inthe macroporous range, the higher the percentage, the higher the preservative treatability of the wood.

关 键 词：古建筑常用阔叶树材 耐腐性能 孔隙结构 铜唑防腐剂 防腐可处理性 

分 类 号：S782.33[农业科学—木材科学与技术] S781.81[农业科学—林学]