平等视角下的全民基本收入及其在西方的实践  

Universal Basic Income:A Perspective of Equality and Western Practices

作　　者：林红[1] Lin Hong

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《政治学研究》2024年第1期223-235,M0010,共14页CASS Journal of Political Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“民族主义与民粹主义的当代趋势及其挑战研究”(19BZZ041)的研究成果。

摘　　要：2008年金融危机后,西方国家深陷经济全球化和技术进步带来的治理危机,全民基本收入的必要性与可行性问题在左翼学界的知识性反思中开始受到关注。全民基本收入是一种由国家为全体公民提供无条件转移支付的革新性政策理念,它以无条件性为核心建构其自由平等主义立场,视收入为普遍享有的权利、个体为平等分配的对象,并将安全感和确定性视为政策设计的目标。这一理念在财政、福利和伦理方面引起了激烈争议,但是它在应对贫困、不平等和技术性失业等问题上的积极作用和前瞻性价值得到了肯定。在西方的政策实践中,由于市场资本主义与国家干预、福利的国家性与不平等的全球性等根本矛盾的内外束缚,全民基本收入的政策方案缺乏社会共识和制度条件,西方左翼希望通过政策革新来修复制度漏洞的设想并不现实。After the 2008 financial crisis,Western countries grappled with governance crises stemming from the challenges of economic globalization and technological progress.This period sparked discussions among left-wing academics regarding the necessity and feasibility of Universal Basic Income(UBI).UBI entails unconditional state transfers to all citizens,rooted in liberal egalitarian principles that consider income a universal right,individuals as equal recipients,and policy design aiming for security and certainty.Despite debates on fiscal,welfare,and ethical aspects,UBI's potential in addressing poverty,inequality,and technological unemployment is acknowledged.In Western policy practice,because of the internal and external constraints of the fundamental contradictions between market capitalism and state intervention,and between the stateness of welfare and the globalness of inequality,UBI lacks social consensus and institutional conditions.The vision of the Western left to address the flaws in the political system through policy innovations encounters practical challenges.

关 键 词：基本收入 经济不平等 福利权利 自由平等主义 市场资本主义 

分 类 号：F113.8[经济管理—国际贸易]