杜鹃花属映山红、马银花与羊踯躅三亚属间杂交亲和性研究  

Study on Cross-compatibility Among the Three Subgenera of Rhododendron subgen.Tsutsusi,subgen.Azaleastrum and subgen.Pentanthera

作　　者：高佳佳 肖政 董彬 赵宏波[1,2,3] GAO Jia-Jia;XIAO Zheng;DONG Bin;ZHAO Hong-Bo(Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Southern Landscape Plants,State Forestry and Grassland Administration,ZhejiangA&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;College of Landscape and Architecture,ZhejiangA&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学浙江省园林植物种质创新与利用重点实验室,杭州311300 [2]浙江农林大学南方园林植物种质创新与利用国家林业和草原局重点实验室,杭州311300 [3]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2024年第5期1049-1060,共12页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02071-2)。

摘　　要：我国的杜鹃花属(Rhododendron)资源丰富,且栽培历史悠久,运用杂交育种技术可以极大丰富杜鹃花品种资源。杜鹃花属中映山红亚属(subgen.Tsutsusi)、马银花亚属(subgen.Azaleastrum)和羊踯躅亚属(subgen.Pentanthera)同属于被毛杜鹃进化枝,为探究三亚属植物间杂交亲和性以及杂交障碍的发生阶段,本研究以映山红亚属的映山红(R.simsii)、锦绣杜鹃(R.pulchrum)及8个栽培品种、马银花亚属的马银花(R.ovatum)、羊踯躅亚属的羊踯躅(R.molle)及2个栽培品种为研究对象,从花柱长度比、花粉萌发、花粉管生长、子房和胚胎发育等角度分析亚属间杂交亲和性。结果表明,映山红、马银花、羊踯躅三亚属间存在明显的单向不亲和现象,所有组合花粉均能在柱头大量萌发,映山红亚属×羊踯躅亚属、马银花亚属×羊踯躅亚属、马银花亚属×映山红亚属花粉管大量到达花柱基部,能坐果;反交花粉管大部分在花柱中部停止生长,少量到达花柱基部,且不能坐果。马银花亚属×羊踯躅亚属、马银花亚属×映山红亚属胚发育比映山红亚属×羊踯躅亚属慢,蒴果开裂时间晚,各杂交方向的成熟种子多数胚发育不完全。上述研究结果表明,三亚属间杂交障碍出现在花粉管生长、双受精和胚发育阶段。本研究探讨了杂交亲和性发生规律,为杜鹃花属各亚属间杂交育种提供参考。Rhododendron resources are abundant in China and have a long history of cultivation.Hybridization breeding technology can greatly enrich Rhododendron resources.Rhododendron subgen.Tsutsusi,subgen.Azaleastrum and subgen.Pentanthera belong to the same evolutionary branch of hairy Rhododendron.In order to explore the compatibility of hybridization and the stages of hybridization barriers among 3 genus,Rhododendron simsii,R.pulchrum and 8 cultivars of subgen.Tsutsusi,R.ovatum of subgen.Azaleastrum,R.molle and 2 cultivars of subgen.Pentanthera were studied.The cross compatibility between subgenera was analyzed from the aspects of style length ratio,pollen germination,pollen tube growth,ovary and embryo development.The results showed that there was obvious prezygotic unidirectional discompatibility among subgen.Tsutsusi,subgen.Azaleastrum and subgen.Pentanthera.All pollen combinations could germinate in large quantities in stigma.The pollen tubes of subgen.Tsutsusi×subgen.Pentanthera,subgen.Azaleastrum×subgen.Pentanthera,and subgen.Azaleastrum×subgen.Tsutsusi reached the base of the style in large numbers and were able to set fruit.Reciprocal cross pollen tubes mostly stop growing in the middle of the style,a few reach the base of the style,and could not set fruit.The embryo development of subgen.Azaleastrum×subgen.Pentanthera and subgen.Azaleastrum×subgen.Tsutsusi were slower than that of subgen.Tsutsusi×subgen.Pentanthera,and the capsule dehiscent time was also late,most embryos of mature seeds in each hybridization direction were incomplete.The results of compatibility experiments showed that the cross barriers appeared in pollen tube growth,double fertilization and embryo development.The present study explored the law of cross compatibility and could provide reference for cross breeding of Rhododendron subgenera.

关 键 词：杜鹃花属 杂交亲和性 荧光镜检 胚发育 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺]