地下空间的物权客体属性及其政策演变趋势  

Real Right Object Attribute of Urban Underground Space and Its Policy Evolution Trend

作　　者：杜茎深 Du Jingshen(Management Department,Guangdong Party School of CCP,Guangzhou 510053,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中共广东省委党校管理学教研部,广州510053

出　　处：《地下空间与工程学报》2024年第2期359-368,共10页Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(22BJY239)。

摘　　要：围绕城市地下空间治理体系与治理能力现代化的改革总目标,研究地下空间的法律界定,揭示地下空间政策演变趋势,以期为国家层面的政策供给提供思路。研究表明,过去二十多年来,地下空间政策围绕构建地下空间工程管理制度、物权管理制度和三维产权管理制度,可以划分为早期探索、初步形成和规范完善3个阶段。但是,既有政策对地下空间的界定主要着眼于自然属性,混淆了地表与地面、地下空间与地下工程的区分。在《民法典》第345条分层设立建设用地使用权制度框架下,地下空间在法律上摆脱了自罗马法以来附属于地表的状态。作为独立的地下建设用地使用权客体,地下空间必须为人类所能控制,具有特定性、独立性和明确的三维产权边界。基于此,政策演变呈现出了从自然属性到法律属性、从资源到资产资本、从工程思维到物权思维、从平面思维到三维思维、从计划配置到市场配置的趋势性。Focusing on the reform goal of modernization of urban underground space governance system and governance capacity,this paper studies the legal definition of underground space,and reveals the trend of the evolution of underground space policy,so as to provide ideas for policy supply at the national level.The research shows that in the past twenty years,the underground space policy can be divided into three stages:exploration,initial formation and standardization,centering on the construction of underground space engineering management system,property right management system and three-dimensional property right management system.However,The definition of underground space in existing policies mainly focuses on natural attributes,which confuses the distinction between surface and ground,underground space and underground engineering.Under the framework of the system of establishing the right to use construction land by layers in Article 345 of the Civil Code,underground space has legally got rid of the state of being attached to the surface since Roman law.As an independent object of the right to use underground construction land,underground space must be controlled by human beings,with specificity,independence and clear three-dimensional property rights boundary.The policy evolution shows the trend from natural attribute to legal attribute,from resources to asset capital,from engineering thinking to property right thinking,from plane thinking to three-dimensional thinking,from planned allocation to market allocation.

关 键 词：地下空间 物权客体 政策演变 三维产权 

分 类 号：F301.0[经济管理—产业经济]