全球乡村发展理论演化及其对中国乡村现代化的启示  

The theoretical evolution of global rural development and its enlightenment to rural modernization in China

作　　者：李思梦 杨忍[1,3] 龙花楼 LI Simeng;YANG Ren;LONG Hualou(School of Geography and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Public Administration,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;United Research Institute for Rural Revitalization,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510006 [2]广西大学公共管理学院,南宁530004 [3]中山大学乡村振兴联合研究院,广州510275 [4]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第4期854-872,共19页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171193,41971216);高校基本科研业务费中山大学青年拔尖科研人才培育项目(22lgqb13)。

摘　　要：乡村现代化作为中国式现代化的重要组成部分,是中国实现乡村发展与全面振兴的最终目标。本文基于乡村发展与乡村现代化的内涵与逻辑,系统梳理了第二次世界大战以来全球乡村发展的阶段特征、路径策略与理论演化,总结了中国乡村现代化面临的问题与挑战,并构建了支撑中国乡村现代化转型的学理认知框架。主要结论为:①乡村发展旨在通过不断优化乡村发展要素,重塑乡村地域功能与形态,促进乡村振兴与城乡融合,而乡村现代化是通过现代化理念、机制、要素等逐渐改变乡村传统生产生活方式,实现农业、农村、农民现代化转型的过程。②第二次世界大战之后,全球乡村逐渐从农业复兴、乡村生态环境保护、可持续发展转向新时期的乡村绿色化、生态化、智慧化发展,理论认知上经历生产主义、后生产主义、多功能主义以及全球乡村的新生产主义、可持续发展范式的转变。③中国乡村现代化仍面临农业生产配套条件落后、乡村三产融合发展不足、乡村基础设施建设滞后、社会治理隐患、资源环境困境以及人力资本短板等问题与挑战。④面向中国城乡融合与乡村现代化现实需求,重点聚焦于制度体系创新、乡村空间规划管控与关键技术体系、资源要素整合与优化配置路径、未来智慧与绿色乡村建设及其科学治理等方面,基于人地耦合的系统思维,深化中国乡村现代化的基础理论与科学路径、发展模式与保障机制、社会协同治理与空间管控等方面的研究,构建起中国乡村现代化转型的乡村地理学科话语体系。As an important part of Chinese modernization,rural modernization is the ultimate goal of rural development and comprehensive revitalization in China.The rural modernization in China has entered a new stage.Based on the connotation and logical relationship of rural development and rural modernization,this paper systematically sorts out the stages,paths,strategies and theoretical evolution of global rural development after World War II,summarizes the problems and challenges faced by rural modernization in China,and constructs the research framework of Chinese rural modernization.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Rural development aims to promote rural revitalization and urban-rural integration by continuously optimizing the development elements of rural areas and reshaping rural functions and forms,while rural modernization is the process of realizing the modernization transformation of agriculture,rural areas and farmers by gradually changing rural traditional production and lifestyle through concepts,elements and mechanisms of modernization.(2)After World War II,the development focus of global countryside gradually shifted from agricultural revival,rural ecological environment protection and sustainable development to green,eco-friendly and intelligent development of rural areas in the new period,and the theoretical cognition has experienced the transformation from productivism,post-productivism,multi-functionalism to the paradigm of neo-productivism and sustainable development of the global countryside.(3)The rural modernization in China still faces problems and challenges such as backward conditions for agricultural production,insufficient integration of three rural industries,lagging construction of rural infrastructure,hidden dangers in rural social governance,dilemma of rural resources and environment,and shortfalls in rural human capital.(4)Facing the national strategic needs of Chinese modernization,rural revitalization and urban-rural integrated development,the focus is constructing the theoretical

关 键 词：乡村发展 理论演化 乡村现代化 乡村振兴 乡村地理学 中国 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]