基于印度主流媒体的中印边界争端批判地缘政治解读  

Critical geopolitical interpretation of China-India border disputes based on Indian mainstream media

作　　者：余珍鑫 胡志丁 张喆[1,2,3] YU Zhenxin;HU Zhiding;ZHANG Zhe(School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Center for World Geography and Geostrategic Studies,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Institute for Global Innovation and Development,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学世界地理与地缘战略研究中心,上海200062 [3]华东师范大学全球创新与发展研究院,上海200062

出　　处：《地理学报》2024年第4期991-1006,共16页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD138)。

摘　　要：边界问题是困扰中印关系发展的重要议题之一。学界往往从殖民、历史、安全、第三方介入等因素解释中印边界争端的原因,忽视边界可作为资源被国内外多方行为体复杂权力斗争所利用,进而制造边界争端的事实。本文援引批判地缘政治的理念与分析方法,从多方行为体协同作用的角度对其进行话语分析并划分地缘政治想象类型,进而提出理解边界争端的新分析框架,以解读2020年5月—2021年2月的中印边界争端。研究表明:①边界争端可以看作不同行为体利用的工具或资源,即多方行为体协同对边界争端进行话语与地缘政治想象的建构,以达成其目的或利益。②基于2020年4月—2021年3月印度主流媒体报道,印度国内的印人党、国大党、军队、外交部、企业社会精英等将中印边界争端作为谋取政治、军事、外交和经济利益的工具,通过话语建构偏执风格式、亲密隐喻式或道德抵制式的地缘政治想象,制造或加剧边界争端形势。③边界争端可被认为是印方行为体制造利用而持续发生的过程,即当其目的还未达成时,班公湖对峙等争端事件再次发生或持续,而当其目的基本达成后才趋于缓和或平息。对此,中国须理性认识近年来中印边界争端呈现的阶段性和持续性特征,并适时发挥积极性探究的方式建设两国间经贸互补的合作性结构,以有效缓和或化解边界问题。The border issue holds significant importance in China-India relations,persistently hampering their development.Existing scholarship tends to interpret the causes of China-India border disputes through lenses of colonization,history,security and third-party involvement.However,these approaches overlook the complex power dynamics within the state which regards the border as the tools.To comprehensively explore the new-round China-India border dispute since May 2020,this paper cites the thought and methods of critical geopolitics,applies discourse analysis of geopolitical imaginations,and proposes a novel perspective that analyzes the border dispute in terms of the synergetic role of multiple actors.The findings indicate that:(1)The border dispute can be considered as tools or resources for multiple actors to achieve their goals or interests through jointly constructing geopolitical discourses and imaginations related to border disputes;(2)Based on Indian mainstream media news from April 2020 to March 2021,the Bharatiya Janata Party,Congress Party,the military,Ministry of External Affairs and the business and social elites in India have utilized the border conflicts as tools and resources to pursue political and economic interests through three forms of geopolitical imagination:paranoid style,intimate metaphor and moral resistance,thereby exacerbating the dispute;(3)The border dispute from May 2020 to February 2021 is regarded as a continuous process exploited by Indian multi-actors,which means that the conflicts,like the confrontation in Pangong Lake,occurred when the multi-actors'interests were not yet secured,but tend to subside once their interests are largely met.In this regard,China should rationally understand the periodic and persistent nature of China-India border disputes and actively build complementary and cooperative structures between the two countries through positive methods like"appreciative inquiry"which may effectively mitigate or resolve border disputes.

关 键 词：批判地缘政治 中印边界争端 话语 地缘政治想象 印度 

分 类 号：K901.4[历史地理—人文地理学] D822.335.1[政治法律—政治学]