笼型异步电机故障诊断实验台设计  

Development of Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis Test Bed

作　　者：徐平 马宗正 马海舒 XU Ping;MA Zong-zheng;MA Hai-shu(School of Civil Engineering,He’nan University of Engineering,He’nan Zhengzhou 451191,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,He’nan University of Engineering,He’nan Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工程学院土木工程学院,河南郑州451191 [2]河南工程学院机械工程学院,河南郑州451191

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2024年第5期141-145,共5页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河南省科技攻关(212102210332);河南省教育厅高等学校重点科研项目(21B460001)。

摘　　要：异步电机是最常见的电气设备,在国民生产活动中占有重要的地位,电机故障诊断能够有效降低事故发生率和企业运行成本,对其进行研究有着重要的意义。为此以常用的笼型异步电机故障为对象,在完成电机及负载的选择、故障设置和电气系统设计的基础上,以电压、电流作为基本分析信号,完成了故障诊断实验台的开发。在该实验台上设置了气隙偏心、转子断条和匝间短路等三种故障,通过对输出电流信号进行了傅里叶变换和Park变换,对其故障特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,当电机存在气隙偏心故障时,在25Hz及75Hz频率点附近出现特征分量,当存在转子断条故障时,分别在频率为44.9Hz、45.9Hz、54.1Hz及55.1Hz处出现特征分量,当存在匝间短路故障时,Park轨迹图的椭圆形扁平程度会随着故障程度的增加越来越高。Induction motor is the most common electrical equipment which plays an important role in national production activi-ties.Motor fault diagnosis can effectively reduce the accident rate and enterprise operation cost,and it is very useful to study it.Taking squirrel cage induction motor as the research object,one fault diagnosis experimental test bed was completed based on the selection of motor and load,fault setting and electrical system design where the voltage and current are selected as the basic analysis signals.Then three different motor faults such as air gap,rotor broken bar,and turn-to-turn short circuit are analyzed based on the test bed.The results show that there are fault characteristic near 25Hz and 75Hz frequency when the motor has air-gap faults while there are fault characteristic near 44.9Hz,45.9Hz,54.1Hz,and 55.1Hz when the motor has rotor broken bar fault.It also shows that the flat degree of motor current Park chart is higher and higher with the incensement of fault degree when the motor has turn-to-turn short circuit fault.

关 键 词：异步电动机 故障诊断 实验台 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TK417[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]