中国城市TOD的地方化政策与实践:政策工具的视角  

Localization of TOD Strategies and Practice in China:The Perspective of Policy Tools

作　　者：董微 林雄斌[1] DONG Wei;LIN Xiongbin

机构地区：[1]宁波大学地理与空间信息技术系

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2024年第2期49-57,共9页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“都市圈城际交通演进、住房成本差异与跨区域职住选择机制研究”(编号:42271201);国家自然科学基金青年项目“城市轨道交通沿线土地开发结构、价格演变与溢价捕获机制研究”(编号:42001174);浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题重点项目“共同富裕视域下跨界交通协同机制与空间治理研究”(编号:23NDJC015Z);宁波市青年科技创新领军人才项目“都市圈交通与空间互动的格局、过程与机制:多源数据模拟”(编号:2023QL016)资助成果。

摘　　要：在公交优先不断向公交都市、交通强国转型的背景下,为应对快速城镇化带来的建设用地紧缺和交通拥堵等问题,公交导向开发(TOD)成为地方政府引领高质量城镇化的重点路径。多数地方政府结合城市轨道交通规划、建设和运营,出台了大量地方根植性的TOD政策并付诸实践。立足多层级规划和多部门协调的特征,理解TOD的政策工具与实践机制,有利提升TOD成效。以35个城市135份TOD政策为基础,借助Nvivo文本分析及案例研究方法,聚焦规划统筹、土地发展权转移、开发设计与指标控制、投融资模式等4个重要方面,剖析TOD的政策工具与实践特征,有助于理解TOD的本土化实施路径。研究表明:中国TOD政策工具以环境型居多,占比68.09%,供给型次之,占比27.99%,需求型最少,占比3.92%;从TOD开发环节来看,逐步呈现政府主导、市场化的运作特点,建立了较成熟的顶层设计与统筹机制,在融资结构、土地发展权转移、指标控制与调整等方面形成创新。未来地方政府TOD实践应结合自身优势,推进多元融资、高效统筹、密度管理等优化路径,提升TOD综合效益。Amidst urban transportation policy shifts from prioritizing transit to focusing on building transit metropolises and strengthening China's position as a nation with advanced transportation networks,transit-oriented development(TOD)emerges as a pivotal strategy for local governments to shape high-quality urbanization in the context of limited constructive-land supply and aggravating traffic congestion.Currently,most local governments in China have introduced a plethora of locally rooted TOD policies and practices.Given the necessity for multi-level planning and multidepartmental coordination in effectively achieving TOD goals,understanding the policy tools,their evolution,and implementation mechanism of localized TOD strategies is imperative.Based on 135 TOD policies from 35 municipalities,utilizing Nvivo-based textual analysis and case studies,the paper delves into four important aspects of TOD-planning coordination,transfer of development rights,planning and design standards,and investment and financing models.The study shows that China's TOD policy tools predominantly focus on the environmental and supply aspects,accounting for 68.09%and 27.99%respectively in the sample,while tools addressing the demand side are least represented,accounting for only 3.92%.Additionally,China's localized TOD approaches are government-led and market-oriented,with local governments establishing a mature policy framework and coordination mechanism.Innovations are mainly made in the financing structure,practice of transfer of development of rights,and control indicators and their adjustment.In the future,local governments should strengthen their strength in TOD policy making and implementation and promote diversification of financing,high-efficiency coordination,and density management to achieve comprehensive social benefits of TOD strategies.

关 键 词：公交导向开发(TOD) 政策工具 规划统筹 开发与利用 投融资改革 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]