清宫寿戏《箕畴五福》剧本流变考  

Study on the Evolution of Script of Jichou Wu Fu in the Longevity Opera of Qing Court

作　　者：刘铁[1] Liu Tie

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学文学院

出　　处：《云南艺术学院学报》2024年第1期48-56,共9页Journal of Yunnan Arts University

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金重大项目“清代宫廷戏曲史料汇编与文献文物研究”(项目编号:20&ZD270)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：目前见有刊出《箕畴五福》剧本十五部,约略分为嘉庆本体系、光绪本体系两个体系。嘉庆本体系内部见有八出本、十二出本两种版本,暂时无法判定孰先孰后。可知的是剧本出现时间至迟不晚于嘉庆十六年,之后曾在嘉庆二十四年颙琰六旬万寿时演出,在孝和睿皇后千秋和庆时可能也曾搬演。而后通过部分曲目的删减、曲辞和道白的调整,剧本完成了从嘉庆本体系向光绪本体系的转变。此后,剧本总体保持稳定,仅根据具体演出情境需要,对相关颂词进行调整,体现出清宫寿戏“大稳定小调整”的基本改编原则与策略。目前所见确切的演出记载,仅有光绪十五年慈禧五十五岁万寿时演出一次。光绪本体系中的多数剧本,也很大可能是服务这次演出所用。从现存剧本来看,其除用于庆寿演出之外,也曾用作新春承应。Currently,fifteen versions of the script of Jichou Wu Fu have been published,roughly divided into two systems:the Jiaqing system and the Guangxu system.Within the Jiaqing system,there are two versions:the eight-act version and the twelve-act version.It is currently uncertain which version preceded the other.It is known that the script appeared no later than the six-teenth year of the Jiaqing reign.Subsequently,it was performed during Emperor Jiaqing's sixtieth birthday celebration in the twenty-fourth year of his reign and might have been staged during Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang's birthday celebration as well.Later,through the deletion of some musical pieces,adjustments to lyrics,and dialogue modifications,the script underwent a transition from the Jiaqing system to the Guangxu system.Afterwards,the script remained relatively stable,with adjustments made to relevant hymns based on specific performance contexts,reflecting the basic adaptation principles and strategies of"major stability with mi-nor adjustments"in the Longevity Opera of Qing Court.Exact records of performances are scarce,with only one documented per-formance during Empress Dowager Cixi's fiftieth birthday celebration in the fifteenth year of the Guangxu reign.Most scripts in the Guangxu system were likely used for this performance.Based on existing scripts,they were not only utilized for longevity celebra-tions but also for welcoming the Lunar New Year.

关 键 词：《箕畴五福》 寿戏 清宫 

分 类 号：I207.3[文学—中国文学]