白术的法象药理及其临床意义  

Pharmacological Method State of Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)and Its Clinical Significance

作　　者：彭欣[1] 秦林[1] PENG Xin;QIN Lin(Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jinan 250355,China)

机构地区：[1]山东中医药大学,山东济南250355

出　　处：《山东中医药大学学报》2024年第3期279-285,共7页Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：齐鲁医派中医学术流派传承项目--周凤梧经典名方学术流派传承工作室(批文号:鲁卫函〔2022〕93号)。

摘　　要：“以象释药”是中医象思维在中药学研究与应用中的极好体现。白术为“后天培土圣药”,但在《神农本草经》等本草经典中,古人常以之治疗痃癖、结肿、山岚瘴气等诸多疑难怪证。对此,按药性常论往往难以理解。但若以“法象药理”“象性合参”的角度,这些功效应用可以从白术独特的“药象”中找到答案。古代本草著作对于白术特殊药象多有详尽阐释,称之为“盘结丑怪,有兽之形”,以及“桴蓟”“多刺有风象”等。笔者结合传统本草和现代药学研究,将白术的药象特点概括为:叶裂羽刺,团根瘤皱,肉白辛香。而这些药象均与其“逐风水结肿”“痃癖气块”“主大风在身面”等特殊药效密切相关。正如徐灵胎所言:“因形以求理,则其效可知矣。”由此认识白术的“象-效”相关性,可帮助我们理解古人的药学智慧,弘扬传统本草理论的现代应用价值。“Interpreting medicine by image”is a good embodiment of image thinking of traditional Chinese medicine in the research and application of Chinese materia medica.Baizhu(Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma)is an“effective medicine for cultivating the acquired earth”.However,in Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica and other classics of Chinese materia medica,ancient people often used it to treat many intractable syndromes,such as hypochondrial mass,swelling,mountainous miasma and so on,which is difficult to be explained according to the theory of medicinal property.But if we take the perspective of“pharmacological method state”and“comprehensive analysis of image and property”,the efficacy and application can be explained from the specific“medicinal states”of Baizhu.Ancient literatures of Chinese materia medica had detailed explanations for the specific medicinal states of Baizhu,which were called“twisted and ugly monster with animal shape”,“Fuji”as well as“thorniness with wind state”,etc.Combining traditional Chinese materia medica and modern pharmaceutical research,the author summarized the characteristics of the medicinal states of Baizhu as:splitted leaf with stinging feather,tufted root with nodules and wrinkles,spicy and white flesh.These medicinal states are closely related to its special efficacies,such as“treating swelling caused by wind and water”,“hypochondrial mass”,and“controlling severe wind in the body and face”.As XU Lingtai said:“The efficacy of the medicine was determined by using the method of image and analogy”.Therefore,the“state-efficacy”correlation of Baizhu can help us understand the ancient pharmaceutical wisdom and promote the modern application value of traditional theory of Chinese materia medica.

关 键 词：白术 药象 法象药理 象性合参 以象释药 

分 类 号：R289.1[医药卫生—方剂学]