唐以前“温病”指代“传染性疾病”考  

Study on Meaning of“Warm Diseases”as“Infectious Diseases”Before Tang Dynasty

作　　者：唐佳贺 朱章志[2] TANG Jiahe;ZHU Zhangzhi(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510405,China;First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510405,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学,广东广州510405 [2]广州中医药大学第一附属医院,广东广州510405

出　　处：《山东中医药大学学报》2024年第3期371-374,共4页Journal of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:82174284)。

摘　　要：历代以来,多数人对《素问》“冬伤于寒,春必温病”一句的理解为“伏寒化温”,“温病”即指“热病”,也就是后世所称的“伏气温病”。但笔者参探张纲所提出的“辒”与“温”在早期还可指代一类传染性疾病之说法,以及两汉魏晋时期的《难经》《伤寒论》与六朝东晋时期的《肘后备急方》等著作的相关论述,发现唐以前“温”字亦可指代传染性,而并非温热之意,因此推测“冬伤于寒,春必温病”中的“温病”或指一类“传染性疾病”。笔者根据相关文献论述更进一步认为“温”指代传染性,而无关其疾病的寒热。本文意义在于提醒研究人员阅读或检索唐之前文献时,不应将“温病”二字完全等同于温热疾病,亦应考虑其意为传染性疾病而不分寒热的可能。Since the ancient times,most people understood the sentence“attack by cold in winter causing warm diseases in spring”in Simple Conversation as“latent cold transforming into warm”,and“warm disease”referred to“febrile diseases”,which was called“latent-qi warm diseases”by later generations.However,the author analyzed ZHANG Gang’s theory that“Wen”and“warm”also referred to a kind of infectious diseases in the early period,as well as the relevant discussions in Difficult Issues and Treatise on Cold Damage in the Han,Wei and Jin dynasties and Pocket Formulas for Emergency in the Six Dynasties and the Eastern Jin Dynasty.It was found that before the Tang Dynasty,the term“warm”also referred to infectiousness,rather than warm and heat.Therefore,it was speculated that“warm diseases”in“attack by cold in winter causing warm diseases in spring”might refer to a kind of“infectious disease”.The author further believed that“warm”referred to infectiousness,rather than cold or heat of the disease.The significance of this paper is to remind researchers that when reading or retrieving the literature before the Tang Dynasty,the term“warm diseases”should not be completely equal to warm and heat disease,but should also consider the possibility that it meant infectious diseases regardless of cold and heat.

关 键 词：《黄帝内经》 温病 《肘后备急方》 《难经》 

分 类 号：R289.1[医药卫生—方剂学]