汉语的功用构式“N_(1)不能当N_(2)V”  

Telic Construction"N_(1) bu neng dang N_(2)V"in Chinese

作　　者：赵彧 ZHAO Yu

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际中文教育学院,201620 [2]上海师范大学中国语言文学博士后流动站,200234

出　　处：《汉语学报》2024年第2期26-37,共12页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国语言学史(分类多卷本)”(编号:16ZDA206);上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“现代汉语介词句否定的语序类型研究”(编号:2020EYY006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“N_(1)不能当N_(2)V”具有多功能性,可以表达属性判断和价值判断两种功能,形式上有一些细微差异。概念隐喻、视点的变化促成了“N_(1)不能当N_(2)V”从语法构式发展为修辞构式,类推也发挥着推波助澜的作用,N_(1)图式槽位的扩展和N_(2)的习惯化是修辞化的表现。属性判断是语义推理的结果,价值判断的会话含义则来源于语用推理。属性判断意在讲述一种一般性的事理,价值判断除了传递一般性的事理关系,更意在表达言者的负面评价。事理关系的变化性在语法表现上存在否定与肯定,在语义识解上存在常态与异态。"N_(1) bu neng dang N_(2)V"is a multifunctional construction in that it can express both attribute and value judgement,with some subtle differences in form.Conceptual metaphor and the change of point of view contribute to the development of"N_(1) bu neng dang N_(2)V"from a grammatical construction to a rhetorical one,and analogy also plays a role.The expansion of the N_(1) schematic slot and the habituation of N_(2) are the manifestation of rhetoricalization.While attribute judgement is the result of semantic inference,the conversational implicature of value judgement derives from pragmatic inference.The attribute judgment is intended to tell general truth,while the value judgment is intended to convey not only general truth,but also the speaker's negative evaluation.Grammatically,there exist negation and affirmation in the variability of social value relationship,and normality and abnormality in the semantic understanding.

关 键 词：价值判断 功用角色 语用推理 事理 负面评价 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]