汉语南方方言中两类与事标记的再考察  

Revisiting the Two Types of Dative Markers in Southern Chinese Dialects

作　　者：黄婷婷 HUANG Tingting

机构地区：[1]江西科技师范大学文学院,330038

出　　处：《汉语学报》2024年第2期100-111,共12页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“语言接触视野下皖鄂赣交界地带官话与赣语比较研究”(编号:23CYY027);江西科技师范大学博士科研启动基金“石城客家方言双及物结构的深度研究”(编号:2023BSQD47)的资助。

摘　　要：目前学界对于南方方言中普遍使用的持拿义与事标记(“把”“拿”“拨”“俾”等)和获得义与事标记(“得”)的来源仍存在争议。根据前人提出的双及物结构的演变规律,这两类与事标记是方言中通用给予义双及物结构的主要动词和与事标记结合的复合词省略与事标记的结果,不能等同于给予动词的语法化。根据共时和历时的方言语料,早期南方方言(非闽语)表达通用给予事件时,双及物结构的主要动词可构拟为持拿义动词或获得义动词。汉语方言中用做与事标记的“等”应该是“得”阳声化的结果。本文的讨论希望能深化对汉语方言与事标记的类型,以及对汉语方言给予事件的编码策略的认识。There is still controversy over the origin of some commonly used dative markers in southern Chinese dialects i.e.datives with the meaning of HOLD/TAKE(ba,na,bo,bei,etc.)and GET(de).According to the evolution rule of the ditransitive constructions proposed by scholars,these dative markers result from the omission of the dative markers in the compounding of the main verb of ditransitive constructions with the meaning of non-purpose of GIVE and a dative marker in the same dialect,which is not the grammaticalization of verbs with the meaning of GIVE.Based on synchronic and diachronic dialect data,when a ditransitive construction is used to express an event of non-purpose of GIVE,the main verb in the construction can be reconstructed into a verb with the meaning of HOLD/TAKE or GET in early southern dialects(non-Min dialect).The dative marker deng used in Chinese dialects is possibly nasalized from de.It is hoped that this discussion will deepen our perception on the classification of datives and encoding strategy of events of GIVE in Chinese dialects.

关 键 词：与事标记 持拿义动词 获得义动词 “等”构式 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]