“窘”字音读考  

On the Pronunciation of Jiong

作　　者：齐晓燕 孙玉文[2] QI Xiaoyan;SUN Yuwen

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学人文学院,430074 [2]北京大学中国语言文学系,100871

出　　处：《汉语学报》2024年第2期112-120,共9页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“基于先秦两汉通假字的上古音韵研究大系”(编号:22&ZD302);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目“基于文献通假的上古等呼研究”(编号:2022WKYXQN0023);中国高等教育学会高等教育科学研究规划课题数字化课程资源研究”重大项目“古代汉语教学信息平台建设”(编号:22SZH0103);华中科技大学一流文科建设重大学科平台建设项目“数字人文与语言研究创新平台”资助。

摘　　要：“窘”在唐宋以前音义配合单纯,主流读音是群母真韵合口三等上声。元明清时期,浊上变去已完成,但“窘”依然保持上声的读音,很可能在“窘”变成去声前已完成了清化,失去了发展为去声的条件。“窘”又受到声符“君”的同化作用,没有遵循全浊上声字中未变去声的字清化为送气音声母的规律,而是读为不送气音声母。民国初年“窘”维持着读书音“jǔn”的读法,随着京音取代老国音成为国音统一的标准,北京口语音“jiǒng”渐渐占据上风。新中国后,审音只保留了“jiǒng”的读音。“窘”北京口语音读“jiǒng”正与汉语部分方言臻摄阳声韵合口字与通摄合口三等阳声韵相混的现象一致,其音理是随着主元音央/■/的脱落,元音/u/的后高圆唇属性同化韵尾/-n/为/-■/。Before the Tang and Song dynasties,the pronunciation of jiong was simple,and it was quninitial consonant zhen-rhyme round-mouth third-division falling-rising tone.During the Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,a voiced falling-rising tone changed into an entering tone,but jiong still remained a falling-rising tone.It is likely that jiong had already been devoiced before it became a falling tone.Jiong was also assimilated by its phonetic symbol jun in writing,so its initial consonant was unaspirated,not following the rule that the initial consonants of the voiced falling-rising characters that did not change into an entering tone devocalized with aspiration.In the early years of the Republic of China,jiong maintained its literary pronunciation jun.As Beijing accent replaced the old national accent as the unified standard of the national accent,Beijing accent jiong gradually became the mainstream.After the founding of the P.R.C.,only jiong was retained after pronunciation examination.Beijing accent jiong is consistent with the phenomenon that zhen-group rising tone round-mouth characters are mixed with the tong-group rising tone round-mouth thirddivision characters in part of the Chinese dialects.With the disappearance of the main vowel/■/,the vowel/u/,with the features of back,high,and round lip,assimilated the ending/n/to/■/.

关 键 词：窘 历代读音 北京音和读书音 

分 类 号：H11[语言文字—汉语]