盆地环境条件下幼蟹养殖对水环境影响的初步研究  

A preliminary study on the impact of juvenile crab culture on the aquatic environment under basin environmental conditions

作　　者：戴希贤 马旭洲[1,2,3,4] 张文博[1,2,3,4] 黄渊博 黄健[1,2,3,4] 苏峻正 DAI Xixian;MA Xuzhou;ZHANG Wenbo;HUANG Yuanbo;HUANG Jian;SU Junzheng(Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Shanghai Aquaculture Engineering Technology Research Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306;National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Aquatic Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [4]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第2期256-262,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：上海市现代农业产业技术体系项目(沪农科产字(2023)第4号)资助。

摘　　要：为探究盆地环境条件下中华绒螯蟹幼蟹养殖对水环境的影响,于2021年5—9月对四川开江地区幼蟹养殖池塘及其水源的温度、溶解氧等11项水质因子进行监测,并采用单样本t检验法进行分析。结果表明,养殖期间,幼蟹养殖池塘水体电导率、水温、亚硝态氮和硝态氮含量与水源水体差异显著(P<0.05),pH、溶解氧和氨氮含量总体低于水源水体。幼蟹养殖池塘水体可溶性磷酸盐、高锰酸盐指数、总氮和总磷含量均超出Ⅲ类水域标准。盆地环境条件下中华绒螯蟹幼蟹养殖期间除总氮、可溶性磷酸盐、总磷和高锰酸盐指数外,其他水质指标基本符合地表水环境质量的Ⅲ级标准和渔业水质标准,且养殖后期幼蟹池塘可溶性磷酸盐、总磷和高锰酸盐指数较水源水体差,表明幼蟹养殖对水环境存在一定污染,应当在幼蟹养殖过程中及养殖结束后对水环境进行改善和处理。养殖期间定期使用微生态制剂和养殖结束后对尾水进行净化处理是未来提高盆地环境条件幼蟹养殖生态效益的两大方向。To investigate the effects of juvenile Chinese mitten crab culture on the water environment under basin environmental conditions,11 water quality factors,including temperature,dissolved oxygen etc.,were mon-itored in juvenile crab culture ponds and their water sources in the Kaijiang area of Sichuan Province from May to September 2021,and analyzed using one-sample t-test.The results showed that during the culture period,the electrical conductivity,water temperature,nitrite and nitrate nitrogen levels in the juvenile crab culture ponds were significantly different from those in the source water(P<0.05),while the pH,dissolved oxygen and ammonia ni-trogen levels were generally lower than those in the source water.The soluble phosphate,permanganate index,total nitrogen and total phosphorus levels in the water of the juvenile crab breeding ponds exceeded the standard for ClassⅢwaters.The water quality indicators during the culture of juvenile Chinese mitten crabs in the basin environment basically complied with ClassⅢstandard of the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water and Fishery Water Quality Standards,except for total nitrogen,soluble phosphate,total phosphorus and perman-ganate index,and the soluble phosphate,total phosphorus and permanganate index of juvenile crab ponds in the late stage of culture were worse than those of the water sources,indicating that there is a certain amount of pollu-tion of the water environment by juvenile crab culture,and the water environment should be improved and treated during and after the culture of juvenile crabs.The regular use of micro-ecological preparations during culture and the purification of tailwater at the end of culture are the two main directions for improving the ecological effi-ciency of juvenile crab culture in basin environmental conditions in the future.

关 键 词：盆地环境 幼蟹养殖 水质 水环境 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]