生物质灰调理剂对烟田土壤性质及烟草生长和养分含量及烟叶品质的影响  

Effects of biomass ash conditioner on soil properties, tobacco growth and nutrient content and tobacco leaf quality in tobacco fields

作　　者：王丽 何东东 朱启法 李世金[3] 林硕[3] 薛琳[3] 康治东 代维祥 李硕 江彤[2] 章力干 WANG Li;HE Dongdong;ZHU Qifa;LI Shijin;LIN Shuo;XUE Lin;KANG Zhidong;DAI Weixiang;LI Shuo;JIANG Tong;ZHANG Ligan(School of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention,Hefei 230036;School of Plant Protection,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036;Anhui Wannan Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Xuancheng 242000)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学植物保护学院,合肥230036 [3]安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司,宣城242000

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第2期297-304,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司科技重点项目(20210563002)资助。

摘　　要：通过田间试验,研究生物质灰调理剂对烟田土壤化学性质、烟草生长及其烤烟品质的影响。试验设5个处理:不施肥(CK1)、常规施肥(CK2)、常规施肥配施750 kg·hm^(-2)调理剂(T1)、常规施肥配施1500 kg·hm^(-2)调理剂(T2)和常规施肥配施2250 kg·hm^(-2)调理剂。结果表明:调理剂施用显著提高了烟草根区土壤pH值、矿质态氮、速效磷和速效钾含量。与CK2相比,调理剂处理(T1—T3)根区pH提高了0.36~0.44,硝态氮增幅达49.6~243.5%,矿质态氮增幅为26.5%~164.6%。其中,T2处理可显著提高烟草生长中期根区硝态氮含量,而显著降低其成熟期根区硝态氮含量,利于烟草生长后期烟叶的落黄。与CK2相比,调理剂配施(T1—T3)显著促进烟草根系生长发育,提高烟株茎粗和中前期烟叶氮磷钾含量,增加烤烟产量,其增幅为3.6%~6.2%;同时,烤烟上部叶钾含量增加,氮和还原糖含量降低,利于烤烟中部叶糖碱比的提升和烤烟品质的改善。综上,生物质灰调理剂的添加,可改良植烟土壤化学性质和养分供给,提升烤烟养分积累,改善烤烟品质,并以1500 kg·hm^(-2)为最佳施用量。A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of biomass ash conditioner on soil physico-chemical properties,tobacco growth and flue-cured tobacco quality.The treatments included no fertilizer(CK1),con-ventional fertilizer(CK2),conventional fertilizer with 750 kg∙hm^(-2) of the conditioner(T1),conventional fertilizer with 1500 kg∙hm^(-2) of the conditioner(T2),and conventional fertilizer with 2250 kg∙hm^(-2) of the conditioner(T3).The re-sults showed that the value of soil pH,the contents of mineral nitrogen(Min-N),available phosphorus(Olsen-P)and available potassium(K)in tobacco root zone were significantly increased by the application of conditioners.Com-pared with the CK2,the application of conditioner(T1-T3)increased the value of soil pH by 0.36-0.44,and en-hanced the contents of NO3--N and Min-N by 49.6%-243.5%and 26.5%-164.6%,respectively,in the root zone.In addition,the NO3--N content in the root zone of tobacco was significantly increased during the middle growth period,but which was significantly reduced at the mature stage by T2 treatment,and thus facilitated the yellow fall of tobacco leaves at the later growth stage.Compared with the CK2,the application of conditioner(T1-T3)significantly promoted the growth and development of tobacco root system,increased the stem diameter of tobacco plants and the contents of N,P and K in tobacco leaves during the middle and early periods,and thus improved the flue-cured tobacco yields by 3.6%-6.2%;at the same time,the content of K in the upper leaves of tobacco was increased,while its contents of N and reducing sugar were decreased,and thus facilitated the improvement of sugar-alkali ratio in the middle leaves and the flue-cured tobacco quality.In conclusion,the application of biomass ash conditioner,especially with the optimal application rate of 1500 kg∙hm^(-2),could improve soil physicochemical properties and nutrient supply,enhance the nu-trient accumulation of flue-cured tobacco,and thus improve flue-cured tobacco quality.

关 键 词：烟草 调理剂 土壤养分 烟草品质 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]