南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机作业效果研究  

Study on the effect of high stubble straw returning machine in southern double-cropping rice paddy field

作　　者：陈立才[1] 王康军[1] 潘松[1] 欧阳淑珍 贺捷[1] 周明[1] 杨伟光[1] 吴罗发[1] CHEN Licai;WANG Kangjun;PAN Song;OUYANG Shuzhen;HE Jie;ZHOU Ming;YANG Weiguang;WU Luofa(Institute of Agricultural Engineering,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院农业工程研究所,南昌330200

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2024年第2期346-352,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养专项(JXSNKYJCRC202208);江西省重点研发计划(20192ACB80005、20192BBF60050、20171BBF60019)共同资助。

摘　　要：为考察自行研制的南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机大田作业效果,以原谷珍香为供试品种进行大田试验,并设置现有的常规秸秆还田机作业进行对照,通过对早稻不同高度的留茬秸秆进行还田作业,考察了该机具的耕作效果,并研究了对后茬晚稻机插质量、群体质量构建及产量和产量构成等指标的影响。结果显示,较对照,同一留茬高度时,经自行研制的南方双季稻区水田高留茬秸秆还田机处理的效果显著,其耕深、耕深稳定性、埋茬深度、耕后地面平整度和植被覆盖率分别平均提升5.18%、4.64%、20.85%、21.61%和4.43%,漏插率、漂秧率、伤秧率和翻倒率分别平均降低28.79%、23.17%、29.84%和45.02%,均匀度合格率和插秧深度合格率分别平均提高1.40%和1.65%,茎蘖数平均提高2.52%~6.62%,SPAD值(移栽后27d始)平均提高3.59%~6.53%,地上部干物质重(插秧后34 d始)平均提高1.78%~4.81%,穗干重和收获指数分别平均提高3.39%和2.16%,有效穗、穗粒数、千粒重、结实率和理论产量分别平均提高2.52%、1.34%、0.08%、1.41%和5.47%,实际产量平均增产268.86 kg·hm^(-2),平均增产率4.09%。该机具对秸秆的留茬高度适应性强,作业效果好,适宜在南方双季稻区水田进行推广应用。In order to investigate the effect of the self-developed high stubble straw returning machine in southern double-cropping rice paddy field,the‘Yuanguzhenxiang’was used in the field trial as an experimental cultivar,taking the conventional straw returning machine as a control group.The tillage effect of the machine was investigated by returning stubble straws of different heights in the early rice,and the indicators of transplanting quality,population quality construction,yield and yield composition of the late rice were also studied.The results showed that compared to the control group,during the same stubble height,the effect of the self-developed high stubble straw returning machine was significant.The tillage depth,tillage depth stability,stubble depth,ground flatness and vegetation coverage were increased by 5.18%,4.64%,20.85%,21.61%and 4.43%,the transplanting quality of missing rate,floating rate,hurting rate and overturning rate decreased by 28.79%,23.17%,29.84%and 45.02%,and the qualified rate of evenness and transplanting depth increased by 1.40%and 1.65%,the tillers in-creased by 2.52%-6.62%,the SPAD(27d after transplanting)increased by 3.59%-6.53%,the dry matter weight(34 d after transplanting)increased by 1.78%-4.81%,the panicle dry weight and harvest index increased by 3.39%and 2.16%,the effective panicle,grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight,seed setting rate and theo-retical yield increased by 2.52%,1.34%,0.08%,1.41%and 5.47%,the harvested yield increased 268.86 kg·hm^(-2) and the average adding rate was 4.10%,respectively.The machine has a strong adaptability to straw stubble and good work effect,which is suitable for promotion and application in southern double-cropping rice paddy field.

关 键 词：南方水田 高留茬秸秆还田机 耕作质量 机插质量 群体质量 

分 类 号：S222.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S511.4[农业科学—农业工程]