1990-2020年阿根廷门多萨流域冰川变化研究  

Study of Glacier Changes in the Mendoza,Argentina,from 1990 to 2020

作　　者：林媛媛 王飞[1,2] 戈文艳[1,2] 韩剑桥 Fidel Alejandro Roig[3] Elena María Abraham 陈昊 LIN Yuan-yuan;WANG Fei;GE Wen-yan;HANG Jian-qiao;Roig Fidel Alejandro;Abraham Elena María;CHEN Hao(College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi Province,China;Institute of soil and water conservation,Ministry of Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling 12100,Shannxi Province,China;Instituto Argentino de Nivología,Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLA-CONICET),CCT Mendoza,Argentina,5500;Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Las ZonasÁridas(IADIZA-CONICET),CCT Mendoza,Argentina,5500)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]Instituto Argentino de Nivología,Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales(IANIGLA-CONICET),CCT Mendoza,Argentina,5500 [4]Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Las Zonas Áridas(IADIZA-CONICET),CCT Mendoza,Argentina,5500

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2024年第5期78-86,共9页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(NO.161461KYSB20200001)。

摘　　要：冰川是南美洲阿根廷门多萨流域(33°S)重要的淡水资源,冰川作为气候变化的敏感指示器,对于理解和评估全球和区域气候变化具有重要意义。为了解门多萨流域冰川分布及变化趋势,探讨其对区域水资源和生态系统的影响,为应对气候变化提供科学依据,研究基于1990-2020年Landsat遥感影像,参考RGI冰川编目数据和阿根廷国家冰川清单,通过比值阈值法和人工解译法得到7期冰川边界,研究了门多萨流域冰川面积分布与变化特征。并结合TerraClimate气候数据,揭示了该区域在研究期间的气候变化趋势,探讨了区域气候变化对冰川变化的影响。结果表明:①2020年门多萨流域冰川面积为134.09±11.86 km^(2),1990-2020年冰川总体呈极显著波动下降趋势(p<0.01),面积共减少了86.87±21.30 km^(2)(39.31±10.14%),其中,2010-2020年冰川面积退缩速率最高。②门多萨流域冰川规模>10 km^(2)占比最大,<0.1 km^(2)占比最小,>10 km^(2)规模冰川退缩速度最大;冰川主要分布在南坡,西北坡冰川最少,东南、东北坡冰川退缩速度最大;冰川主要分布在坡度5°~40°之间,50°~55°的冰川退缩速度最大;冰川主要分布在海拔4200~5400 m之间,<4000 m冰川退缩速率最大。③20世纪50年代末以来门多萨地区气温整体呈现极显著的上升趋势(p<0.001),研究区年均最高、最低气温每十年上升0.53、0.29℃。气温持续上升是门多萨流域冰川退缩的长期原因,降水变化是该区域冰川变化的短期原因。本研究为门多萨流域预防冰川变化导致的水资源可用性变化和地质灾害预防提供参考。In Argentina′s Mendoza River Basin(33°S),glaciers provide an essential supply of freshwater.They act as sensitive climate change indicators and are crucial for comprehending and evaluating changes in local and global climate.Based on Landsat remote sensing imagery from 1990 to 2020,this study aims to understand the distribution and changing patterns of glaciers in the Mendoza Basin and their influence on regional water supplies and ecosystems.It makes use of ratio threshold algorithms and manual interpretation to get glacier boundary data from seven different eras,using the Argentine National Glacier Inventory and the RGI glacier catalog.Furthermore,by integrating climate data from TerraClimate,the study examined the influence of regional climate change on glacier fluctuations and demonstrated the trajectory of climate change in this area during the study period.The findings show that:①The Mendoza Basin′s glacier area was 134.09±11.86 km²in 2020.The glacier area decreased considerably(p<0.01)between 1990 and 2020,totaling 86.87±21.30 km²(39.31±10.14%).The greatest rate of retreat was recorded between 2010 and 2020.②The majority of glaciers are more than 10 km²,while the least common are less than 0.1 km².The biggest glaciers are melting the quickest.The majority of the glaciers are found on the southern slopes,with the northwest slopes having the fewest and the southeast and northeast slopes seeing the quickest rate of retreat.Their range of slopes is mostly 5°to 40°,with 50°to 55°being the quickest of retreat.With the greatest retreat rates below 4000 meters,the bulk are located at elevations between 4200 and 5400 meters.③The Mendoza region has seen a considerable increase in temperature since the late 1950s(p<0.001),with an average decadal rise in maximum and minimum temperatures of 0.53℃and 0.29℃,respectively.In the Mendoza Basin,glacier retreat is mostly caused by long-term increases in temperature;short-term factors include variations in precipitation.This research offers a guide fo

关 键 词：冰川变化 门多萨(Mendoza) 南美洲 气候变化 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]