DNA数据存储--机遇与挑战  

DNA-Based Data Storage-Opportunities and Challenges

作　　者：史越 贾李佳 刘翟 SHI Yue;JIA Lijia;LIU Di(Wuhan Institute of Virology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430207,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院武汉病毒研究所,武汉430207

出　　处：《集成技术》2024年第3期128-142,共15页Journal of Integration Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA09070000)。

摘　　要：自人类进入信息时代以来,全球信息总量飞速膨胀,为数据存储行业带来极大挑战。当前的信息存储工具存在许多缺陷,如信息密度低、使用寿命短、环境污染等,而脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)作为天然的遗传信息载体,具有信息密度高、稳定性高、保存时间长、维护成本低等优点,可能成为信息存储领域的卓越选择。尽管DNA存储目前面临读写成本高、速度慢、错误率高等挑战,但在某些领域也有着独特的优势,如“冷”数据存储和军事加密存储等。目前,DNA存储的潜在发展方向主要包括在军事、航空航天等特殊场景下的应用,高容错的编解码方案,生物活体存储体系,脱离测序的信息读取方法,以及集成化的存储系统和统一行业标准等。希望在不久的将来,DNA存储能够实现规模化应用,迎来数据存储的新纪元。Since the human civilization entered the information age,an exponential growth of digital information globally posed great challenges to data storage.Current data storage devices have many defects,such as limited data density,short lifespan,environment pollution and so on.Deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA),the natural carrier of genetic information,was proposed to be a reasonable alternative due to its high information density,robustness,long half-life and low maintenance cost.Although DNA storage currently faces the challenges of high reading and writing costs,slow speed and high error rate,it has unique advantages in many fields,such as long-time archival storage,military data encryption and so on.The potential future directions of DNA storage mainly include applications under special scenarios such as space and military,encoding-decoding algorithms robust to base errors,in vivo DNA storage,information retrieval without sequencing,and integrated DNA storage system as well as a unified evaluation standard.It is hoped that in the future,DNA storage can achieve large-scale application,and open a new era of data storage.

关 键 词：DNA存储 合成生物学 生物技术-信息技术交叉 数字信息存储 

分 类 号：TP3[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术] Q-33[生物学]