气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器研制  

Design of hybrid rice air-suction single-seed metering device

作　　者：臧英[1,2,3,4,5] 黄子顺 秦伟 何思禹 钱诚 姜有聪 陶婉琰 张美林 王在满 ZANG Ying;HUANG Zishun;QIN Wei;HE Siyu;QIAN Cheng;JIANG Youcong;TAO Wanyan;ZHANG Meilin;WANG Zaiman(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China;Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment(South China Agricultural University),Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Artificial Intelligence(GDKL-AAI),Guangzhou 510642,China;Huangpu Innovation Research Institute of SCAU,Guangzhou 510715,China;Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省农业人工智能重点实验室,广州510642 [4]华南农业大学黄埔创新研究院,广州510715 [5]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,茂名525000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第6期181-191,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175228);岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室科研项目(NZ2021039);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020210007);广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212040009);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01)。

摘　　要：针对气力式水稻精量排种器充种不稳定、单粒播种精度不高和播种量大的问题,该研究设计了一种具有矩形吸种孔和辅助充种装置的气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器。根据“吉田优”型杂交稻的长短轴重力分布情况,确定排种盘吸种孔形状;基于CFD-DEM(Computational fluid dynamics,Discrete element method)流固耦合理论,以吸附力为指标,进行5类具有相同面积的吸种孔单因素仿真试验,确定吸附力最大的吸种孔规格为0.8 mm×2.25 mm;以该型吸种孔为基础,选取辅助充种角、工作转速和工作负压为试验因素,以单粒率S、多粒率M和漏播率L为试验指标,开展Box-Bhnken台架试验,对试验结果进行响应曲面分析和多目标优化,得到排种盘辅助充种角为80.90°、工作转速为42.65 r/min、工作负压为621 Pa时,排种器的单粒率为86.91%,漏播率为3.63%。验证试验结果的排种器单粒率为86.36%、漏播率为3.41%,与优化结果吻合。研究结果可为后续气吸式杂交稻单粒排种器的优化设计和直播机整机作业精度的提高提供指导。An air-suction seed metering device has been widely used for precision planting in various crops,due to the minimal seed damage,high efficiency,simple structure and strong adaptability.Single-seed broadcasting has been one of the most important capabilities to improve the quality of hybrid rice planting,particularly with the direct seeding of hybrid rice and the seed production levels.However,the stable filling and high precision of single seed broadcasting are highly required to meet the large amount of sowing in the air-suction seed metering device in recent years.In this study,an improved air-suction singleseed metering device was proposed with rectangular suction holes and auxiliary seed filling.Taking the"Yoshida"hybrid rice as the research object,the gravity distribution of the seed was analyzed to optimize the structure parameters.It was found that the high adhesion of the seed depended mainly on the rectangular shape of the seed suction hole on the seed-sucking plate.According to the fluid-solid coupling theory in CFD-DEM,Ansys Fluent and Rocky Dem software were used to simulate the airflow part of the planter and the interaction between the planter and seeds.A CFD-DEM simulation model was then established to exchange data for the air-suction single-seed metering device.Five types of single-factor experiments were conducted with the seed suction holes in the same area.The drag force,pressure gradient force,and air-suction force were taken as the experimental indicators.The seed suction hole with the maximum air-suction force was optimized as the size of 0.8 mm×2.25 mm.In this case of the seed suction hole,the auxiliary filling angle,working speed,and working pressure were selected as the experimental factors,with the single rate(S),multiple rate(M),and leakage rate(L)as the experimental indicators.The optimal ranges of auxiliary filling angle,working speed,and working pressure were determined to be 70°-90°,30-60 r/min,and 400-800 Pa,respectively.Subsequently,the Box-Behnken experimental design was cond

关 键 词：农业机械 种子 气力式设备 杂交稻 气吸式排种器 CFD-DEM 辅助充种 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]