考虑水转化过程的干旱区内陆河流域适宜灌溉规模  

Suitable irrigation scale of inland river basin in arid areas considering water transformation process

作　　者：胡雪雪 粟晓玲[1,2] 朱兴宇 褚江东 张特 吴海江 HU Xuexue;SU Xiaoling;ZHU Xingyu;CHU Jiangdong;ZHANG Te;WU Haijiang(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2024年第6期228-236,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900501)。

摘　　要：农业适水发展是保障干旱区水土资源高效利用和生态健康的关键,其核心在于如何科学确定灌溉规模,进而控制农业灌溉用水量。该研究以石羊河流域为研究区,在明确非灌溉需水量的基础上,基于水均衡模型计算考虑水转化过程的不同水文年农业灌溉可用水量,并构建多目标种植结构优化模型对作物种植结构进行调整,最后改进水热平衡模型构建考虑水转化过程的旱区适宜灌溉规模计算模型,分析流域不同情景下的适宜灌溉规模。结果表明:地表水地下水联合调控下,石羊河流域丰、平、枯水年的灌溉可用水量分别为18.97亿~21.57亿、14.75亿~17.51亿、12.31亿~14.95亿m^(3);优化作物种植结构后能够以减少2.94%的经济效益实现14.13%的灌溉节水;构建的适宜灌溉规模计算模型在干旱区内陆河流域具有较好的适用性,采用该方法得到现状条件下石羊河流域丰、平、枯水年的适宜灌溉规模分别为27.73万~31.66万、21.55万~25.76万、18.01万~22.03万hm^(2),提高节水水平、调整种植结构后,流域的适宜灌溉规模有所增加。现状2020年(平水年)的实际灌溉面积高于当地水资源能够承载的临界适宜灌溉规模,需压减2.13万~6.34万hm^(2)。研究结果可在宏观层面上为决策者制定适水农业发展方案提供理论依据。In arid areas,the rapid expansion of agricultural activities has caused a series of ecological and environmental issues such as vegetation degradation,declining groundwater levels,and land desertification,posing significant challenges to the stability and development of inland river basins.The development of agricultural water suitability is the key to ensure the water and land resources efficiency and ecological health in arid areas.The core is how to implement the scientific control of irrigation scale and agricultural irrigation water consumption.Taking the Shiyang River Basin as the study area,this paper analyzed the variations of high and low flow for surface runoff in the basin based on the anomaly percentage and the runoff modulus ratio coefficient.After estimating the non-agricultural irrigation water demand,the water balance model was employed to calculate the available surface water and groundwater resources specifically for agricultural irrigation,while also considering water transformation process.Based on this,a multi-objective planting structure optimization model was established to determine the water-saving and efficient crop planting structure.To determine the appropriate irrigation scale in arid areas,a comprehensive model was constructed by improving the water-heat balance model,which incorporates various factors such as the water transformation process,crop coefficient in different growth stages,agricultural water saving level,and crop planting structure.Lastly,the suitable irrigation scales of the Shiyang River Basin under different scenarios were explored by using this model.The results showed that the runoff in Shiyang River Basin presented obvious high and low flow variations during the studied period.Specifically,the basin’s total surface water resources amounted to 17.47×10^(8),14.19×10^(8),and 12.25×10^(8) m^(3) during high,normal and low flow years,respectively.Regarding non-agricultural irrigation water demands,the critical and suitable ecology water demand scenarios were 3.43×1

关 键 词：水资源 灌溉 模型 水转化 适宜规模 种植结构优化 石羊河流域 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S273[农业科学—农业水土工程]