生前预嘱法律制度的困境与完善——以《深圳经济特区医疗条例》第七十八条为视角  

Dilemmas and perfection of the legal system of living wills——From the perspective of Article 78 of the Medical Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

作　　者：刘璟锟 孟金梅[2] Liu Jingkun;Meng Jinmei(Academy of China's Rule-of-Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 501620,China;Shantou University,Shantou,Guangdong 515063,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学中国法治战略研究院,上海201620 [2]汕头大学法学院,广东汕头市515063

出　　处：《中国卫生法制》2024年第3期64-70,共7页China Health Law

摘　　要：我国生前预嘱制度处于初步发展阶段。在现有的规定中,相关概念和对患者作出相应行为能力的判断标准模糊;患者在生前预嘱当中可以做出选择的医疗措施范围不清;承担责任的主体和法律责任规定不明以及配套制度有待完善。出于对患者生命的尊重,提高患者的生命质量以及更好地实现医疗资源的有效利用,通过以《深圳经济特区医疗条例》第七十八条为切入点,认为可将生前预嘱制度的相关概念与《中华人民共和国医师法》中已有的规定进行对接;对于患者预嘱内容在尊重意思自治和民法自愿原则的基础上设置一定的限度;对于卫生相关的部门进行联动,根据各自的特点有所区别地规定各自的职责和法律责任;最后是完善与生前预嘱制度衔接的配套制度。以期为我国生前预嘱法律制度构建建言献策,充分发挥其尊重和保障人权方面的作用。The system of living wills in our country is in the initial stage of development.In the existing regulations,the related concepts and the judgment standard of patients'ability to make corresponding actions are vague.The range of medical options available to patients in living wills is unclear.The subject of responsibility and the legal liability are unclear,and the supporting system needs to be improved.In order to fulfill the willing and respect the life of patients,improve the quality of life of patients,and better realize the effective use of medical resources,this paper based on the Article 78 of the Medical Regulations of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone,and holds that the relevant concepts of the living will's system can be linked with the existing provisions in the Law on Doctors of the People's Republic of China.The contents of patients'wills should be limited on the basis of respecting the principles of meaning autonomy and the voluntary nature of civil law.Health related departments should strengthen their links,and their responsibilities and legal responsibilities should be defined according to their characteristics.Last,it is supposed to improve the supporting system connecting with the living will system.It is expected to provide suggestions for the construction of the legal system of living wills in our country and play its role in respecting and protecting human rights.

关 键 词：生前预嘱 患者权益 自我决定权 医疗事务 法律制度 制度完善 

分 类 号：D902[政治法律—法学理论]