对GBZ 2.1—2019不同工时制度职业接触评价引入“折减因子”的常见问题思考  

Discussion on common problems after introducing"reduction factor"into different working hour systems in occupational exposure assessment in GBZ 2.1-2019

作　　者：黄吉[1] 段平宁[1] 麦骊风 傅松文 HUANG Ji;DUAN Pingning;MAI Lifeng;FU Songwen(Occupational Health and Toxicity Evaluation Institute,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Institute for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases,Nanning,Guangxi 530021,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区职业病防治研究院职业卫生与毒性评价所,广西南宁530021

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2024年第3期330-334,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：GBZ 2.1—2019《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》于2020年4月1日实施,新标准提出了不同工时制度职业接触的评价,并引入“折减因子”对长时间工作条件下化学有害因素的职业接触限值进行调整,从而使其达到合理的防护水平,为劳动者提供的防护水平与常规的职业接触限值等效。本文以不同工时制度职业接触的评价为引,探讨职业接触限值调整评估工作常见问题,如职业接触限值调整的应用条件不能涵盖所有类型的工时制度,与职业接触限值相关部分术语的对应数值调整等。并提出了相应的解决对策,引入工作周期和工作周期周平均接触小时数解决劳动者实际工作时间问题;与职业接触限值相关的部分术语则根据定义及应用条件,明确其对应数值的调整问题。同时举例说明,以便职业卫生技术服务人员能够更科学、更合理地开展职业卫生实践工作。Occupational exposure limits for hazardous agents in the workplace—Part 1:Chemical hazardous agents(GBZ 2.1—2019)has been implemented since April 1,2020.The document redefines the evaluation of occupational exposure by introducing a"reduction factor"to adjust the occupational exposure limits of chemical hazardous agents for long working hour systems to ensure a protection level reasonable for the workers and equivalent to conventional occupational exposure limits.This paper discussed common problems encountered in the context of using this adjustment strategy,such as the adjustment being unable to cover all working hours,and the adjustment of values of terms associated with occupational exposure limits.Corresponding solutions were proposed.Working cycle and average exposure time of each working cycle were introduced to evaluate the actual working hours of workers.Regarding involved terms,adjustments of their corresponding values were clarified according to their definitions and application scenarios.Examples were provided for occupational health service providers so that their occupational health practices could be carried out in a more scientific and reasonable manner.

关 键 词：不同工时制度 职业接触评价 折减因子 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]