辽宁省2016—2021年结核杆菌和艾滋病病毒双重感染监测分析  

Surveillance analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2021

作　　者：梁爽[1] 蒋轶文 张岩[1] 李悦[1] 戚巍[1] 曹宏伟[1] LIANG Shuang;JIANG Yiwen;ZHANG Yan;LI Yue;QI Wei;CAO Hongwei(Liaoning Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110172,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110172

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2024年第4期422-425,共4页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2018ZX10103001)。

摘　　要：目的分析辽宁省2016—2021年结核杆菌和艾滋病病毒(TB/HIV)双重感染监测情况,为今后制定符合全省双重感染的防控工作措施提供科学依据。方法对辽宁省2016—2021年结核杆菌和艾滋病病毒(TB/HIV)双重感染患者年度报表中患者登记、双向筛查、治疗等情况进行描述性分析。结果2016—2021年辽宁省TB/HIV双重感染者登记222例,占结核病患者0.16%(222/136709),占艾滋病患者1.42%(222/15584)。HIV/AIDS中症状筛查率为96.01%、呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=982.28,P<0.05),TB检出率为0.47%,呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=36.56,P<0.05),胸片或痰检率为94.61%,整体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=96.50,P<0.05)。TB中接受HIV抗体检测65188例,检测率为47.68%,检测率整体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=3326.38,P<0.05),HIV检测阳性39例,TB中HIV阳性检出率由0.12%下降到0.07%。2016—2021年以男性、≥15岁双重感染患者为主,其中男性496例(占92.36%),女性41例(占7.64%)。在537例双感患者中接受单纯抗结核治疗47例(占8.75%),单纯抗HIV病毒治疗72例(占13.41%),联合治疗408例(占75.98%),整体呈下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=9.54,P<0.05)。结论关注男性、≥15岁人群,在今后应加强结核病患者、艾滋病患者的双向筛查工作,提高联合治疗率。Objective To analyze the surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis/HIV(TB/HIV)co-infection in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2021,providing a scientific basis for formulating future prevention and control measures applicable to the province-wide co-infection.Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on patient registration,two-way screening,and treatment information from the annual report of patients with TB/HIV co-infection in Liaoning Province from 2016 to 2021.Results From 2016 to 2021,222 cases of TB/HIV co-infection were registered in Liaoning Province,accounting for 0.16%(222/136709)of TB patients and 1.42%(222/15584)of HIV/AIDS patients.In HIV/AIDS,the symptom screening rate was 96.01%,showing a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=982.28,P<0.05).The TB detection rate was 0.47%,also showing a downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=36.56,P<0.05),while the chest radiograph or sputum detection rate was 94.61%,showing an overall upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=96.5,P<0.05).Among TB patients,65188 were tested for HIV antibodies,with a detection rate of 47.68%,which showed an overall upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=3326.38,P<0.05).There were 39 HIV-positive cases detected,with the positive detection rate in TB patients decreasing from 0.12%to 0.07%.From 2016 to 2021,the majority of co-infected patients were male and≥15 years old,with 496 cases(92.36%)of males and 41 cases(7.64%)of females.Among the 537 patients with co-infection,47 cases(8.75%)received anti-tuberculosis therapy alone,72 cases(13.41%)received anti-HIV therapy alone,and 408 cases(75.98%)received combined therapy,with an overall downward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=9.54,P<0.05).Conclusions Focus should be placed on the male population and those aged≥15 years,with future efforts aimed at enhancing two-way screening work among TB and HIV/AIDS patients and improving the rate of combined treatment.

关 键 词：肺结核 艾滋病 双重感染 监测 

分 类 号：R521.1[医药卫生—内科学]