减氮下不同肥料配施对麦玉复种体系作物氮素积累分配及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilizers on Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution and Yield of Wheat-maize Multiple

作　　者：普布仓决 王金平 姚丽茹 朱员正 贺峥峥 韩娟[1] Pubucangjue;WANG Jinping;YAO Liru;ZHU Yuanzheng;HE Zhengzheng;HAN Juan(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第5期820-833,共14页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划重点项目(2018ZDXM-NY-002)。

摘　　要：为探索陕西关中地区冬小麦-夏玉米复种体系氮肥减量增效潜力,构建适宜的作物养分管理体系,于2018-2019年采用田间试验研究了减氮并配施不同肥料对麦玉复种体系作物生长状况、植株氮素积累分配、作物产量以氮素利用效率的影响。试验设置5个处理:常规施氮(225 kg·hm^(-2),N 100);减氮20%(180 kg·hm^(-2),N 80);减氮配施生物炭(180 kg·hm^(-2),生物炭22500 kg·hm^(-2),N 80+BC);减氮配施缓释肥(180 kg·hm^(-2),尿素∶缓释肥=1∶1,N 80+S);减氮配施微生物菌肥(180 kg·hm^(-2),微生物菌肥3600 kg·hm^(-2),N 80+BF)。结果表明:减氮及其配施不同肥料对夏玉米大喇叭口期后株高、干物质和氮素积累没有显著影响;而N 80+BF促进了夏玉米氮素向籽粒中的分配;N 80+BC提高了夏玉米产量和收获指数,且较N 80处理分别显著提高8.3%和20.1%;减氮下三种配施处理均能提高夏玉米氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力,且以N 80+BC处理表现最佳,较N 100分别显著提高43.3%和29.0%,较N 80分别显著提高45.8%和8.3%;N 80+BC和N 80+BF还能显著提高夏玉米氮肥表观表观回收率,二者较N 100显著增加18.1%和10.7%,较N 80处理显著增加26.9%和19.0%。与N 80相比,N 80+BF有效提高了冬小麦扬花期和成熟期分蘖数、茎蘖成穗率以及成熟期干物质和氮素积累量,并能显著提高冬小麦穗数和产量,增幅分别为13.7%和16.2%。减氮下3种配施处理均能提高冬小麦氮农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素利用率,其中氮农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力在N 80+BF处理表现最佳,较N 100分别显著提高了31.2%和28.4%,较N 80分别显著提高了33.7%和16.2%,氮素利用率在N 80+S处理表现最佳。综上所述,减氮及其配施处理中,180 kg·hm^(-2)配施生物炭(22500 kg·hm^(-2))和180 kg·hm^(-2)配施微生物菌肥(3600 kg·hm^(-2))更有利于作物生长,促进氮素积累与分配,提高作物产量和氮素利用效率,实现关中地区麦玉复种体�To explore the potential for reducing nitrogen fertilizer and improving efficiency in winter wheat-summer maize multiple cropping system in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province,and to establish a suitable crop nutrient management system,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with different fertilizers on crop growth,plant nitrogen accumulation and distribution,crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat-maize multiple cropping system from 2018 to 2019.Five treatments were set as follows∶conventional nitrogen application(225 kg·hm^(-2),N 100);nitrogen reduction 20%(180 kg·hm^(-2),N 80);nitrogen reduction combined with biochar(180 kg·hm^(-2),biochar 22500 kg·hm^(-2),N 80+BC);nitrogen reduction combined with slow-release fertilizer(180 kg·hm^(-2),urea slow-release fertilizer=1∶1,N 80+S);nitrogen reduction combined with microbial fertilizer(180 kg·hm^(-2),microbial fertilizer 3600 kg·hm^(-2),N 80+BF).The results showed that nitrogen reduction and its combination with different fertilizers had no significant effect on plant height,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of summer maize after large bell stage.The application of N 80+BF promoted the distribution of nitrogen in summer maize towards grain development,while N 80+BC increased the yield and harvest index of summer maize by 8.3%and 20.1%,respectively.Under nitrogen reductions,all three combined treatments increased Nitrogen Agronomic Efficiency(NAE)and Nitrogen Fertilizer Productivity(NFP)of summer maize.N 80+BC treatment exhibited the best performance,showing an significant increase of 43.3%and 29.0%compared to N 100,and a significant increase of 45.8%and 8.3%compared to N 80,in terms of NAE and NFP,respectively.Both N 80+BC and N 80+BF significantly increased Recovery Efficiency(RE)of summer maize,with a significant increase of 18.1%and 10.7%compared to N 100,and a significant increase of 26.9%and 19.0%compared with N 80.Compared to N 80,N 80+BF effectively increased the tiller number,tiller spik

关 键 词：夏玉米-冬小麦 氮肥减量 肥料配施 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.1