基于花序坐果数和果实直感筛选库尔勒香梨适宜的授粉品种  

Screening of Suitable Pollination Varieties for‘Korla Fragrant Pear’Based on Fruit-setting Inflorescence and Metaxenia

作　　者：程嘉宝 薛大虎 张峰 王言君 王春峰 李养义 何天明[1] CHENG Jiabao;XUE Dahu;ZHANG Feng;WANG Yanjun;WANG Chunfeng;LI Yangyi;HE Tianming(College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Research Centre for Korla Fragrant Pear,Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]库尔勒市香梨研究中心,新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州841000

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第5期872-881,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：农业领域兵团重点研发项目(2021AB016);新疆维吾尔自治区林果提质增效项目(XJLYKJ-2021-013);国家现代农业(梨)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-28-48)。

摘　　要：‘库尔勒香梨’属于异花授粉的梨品种。在主产区立地田间下筛选合适的授粉品种是实现提质增效的重要技术措施。试验选择13个梨品种作为父本对‘库尔勒香梨’进行授粉,自然授粉作为对照,分别于授粉后20 d和80 d对花序坐果数进行调查,待果实成熟后将授粉果实的部分指标和种子特性进行测定和比较分析,采用相关性分析和主成分分析对授粉果实的12项指标进行果实性状综合评价并计算综合得分,为‘库尔勒香梨’筛选高效授粉品种提供参考。结果表明:不同授粉组合中,花序坐果数较对照显著提高,在单果质量、偏斜指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、石细胞团含量、种子数、鲜籽质量和干籽质量方面果实直感效应明显,但在果形指数、可食部分大小(心果比)和饱籽数果实直感效应不完全明显。部分果实指标间存在着显著或极显著的相关性。通过主成分分析所提取的4个主成分累计方差贡献率达89.298%,包含了果实指标的大部分信息,综合得分结果显示‘南果梨’‘园黄’‘寒红’‘砀山酥梨’和‘新妃’5个梨品种对‘库尔勒香梨’授粉效果较好。‘Korla Fragrant Pear’is a cross-pollinated pear variety,and selecting appropriate pollinatin varieties in the main production area is an important technique for enhancing quality and efficiency.In this experiment,13 pear varieties were chosen as male parents to pollinate‘Korla Fragrant Pear’,with natural pollination as a control.The number of inflorescence fruit was assessed at 20 days and 80 days of post-pollination.After fruit ripening,various parameters and seed characteristics of pollinated fruit were measured and compared.Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the fruit traits based on 12 indexes of pollinated fruits.The comprehensive scoring provides a reference for effective selection of pollination varieties for‘Korla Fragrant Pear’.The results showed that,in different pollination combinations,the number of fruit-setting inflorescence was significantly higher than that of the control.The fruit quality,skewness index,fruit hardness,soluble solids content,stone cell mass content,seed number,fresh seed mass and dry seed mass were significantly affected by the fruit metaxenia.However,the fruit shape index,edible part size(heart furit ratio),and full seed number were not completely obvious.There were significant or extremely significant correlations among some fruit indexes.The cumulative variance contribution rate of the four principal components extracted by principal component analysis was 89.298%,which contained most of the information of fruit index.The comprehensive scoring results showed that‘Nanguoli’‘Wonhwang’‘Hanhong’‘Dangshansuli’and‘Xinfei’had positive effect on pollination of‘Korla fragrant pear’.

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 授粉品种 花序坐果数 果实直感 果实性状 综合评价 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]