比例与预防原则关系理论对气候变化立法的阐释效应  

Interpretation effect of the relationship between proportionality principle and precautionary principle on climate change legislation

作　　者：陈真亮[1,2] 项如意 CHEN Zhenliang;XIANG Ruyi(Institute of Ecological Civilization,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300,China;Institute of Zhejiang Rural Revitalization,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 311300,China;School of Law,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学生态文明研究院,浙江杭州311300 [2]浙江省乡村振兴研究院,浙江杭州311300 [3]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2024年第3期91-101,共11页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划领军人才专项课题“全面推进健康中国建设的环境法回应研究”(批准号:22QNYC16ZD);国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“社会主义核心价值观融入生态法治建设的基本路径和法律样态”(批准号:19VHJ016);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项“习近平生态文明思想在中国大地的生动实践研究”(批准号:2022JZD009);浙江省哲学社会科学规划重大项目“碳中和论丛”(批准号:24NDJC04ZD)。

摘　　要：为加快中国气候变化立法步伐,妥善处理比例原则和预防原则在气候风险规制领域的控权与保权问题上存在的抵牾、混用,采取规范分析、比较分析等方法,对二者的适用关系进行立法论和解释论相结合的研究。研究发现,学界对该两项原则的关系存在三种理论主张。其中,取代关系说易引发气候风险的过度预防问题;限制关系说可能会消解预防原则,致使气候风险规制难以有效开展。相较而言,协同关系说更适宜指引中国气候变化立法的建构路径,有助于贯彻《中国应对气候变化的政策与行动》等国家政策中的协调式新发展理念,同中国在气候变化应对问题上的国家自主贡献主张理念相吻合。通过进一步的学理、事理和法理阐释发现,气候变化立法有待将“双碳”等议题纳入生态文明建设整体布局和环境法规范体系。协同关系说对中国气候变化立法的指引包括:①坚持总体国家安全观,将适度风险预防原则全面融入气候变化立法,推进气候风险规制的规范解释、气候变化法治原则与制度体系融贯;②促进气候变化减缓性工作的循序渐进、气候变化适应性工作的防微杜渐,优化减缓与适应兼顾并重的气候变化因应制度体系;③推动减污降碳协同增效,构建不同地域、不同行业及央地政府之间“共同但有区别”的气候风险合作治理与责任分工体系;④缓解气候风险规制中自由价值与安全价值间的紧张冲突,强化行政法与环境法的沟通与协调,推动环境法律规制实现由基于确定性的传统秩序行政和福利行政向基于不确定性的风险行政转型,从而促进气候法学的发展。In order to speed up China's climate change legislation and properly handle the contradictions and confusions between the proportionality principle and the precautionary principle when they are applied to the field of climate risk regulation,this study uses the standard analysis method and the comparative analysis method to analyze the relationships between the two principles under the combi-nation of legislative theory and interpretation theory.The study finds that there are three theories concerning the relationships between the two principles.Among them,the‘replacement relationship theory’easily leads to excessive prevention of climate risk,and the‘re-striction relationship theory’may eliminate the precautionary principle,making it difficult to effectively carry out climate risk regula-tion.In contrast,the‘synergy relationship theory’is more appropriate to guide the construction path of China's climate change legisla-tion,is conducive to the implementation of the new‘coordinated’development philosophy in national policies such as Responding to Climate Change:China′s Policies and Actions and other national policies,and is in line with China's proposal of a national contribution to climate change.Through further interpretation in terms of theory,reasoning,and jurisprudence,this study finds that climate change legislation should bring issues such as‘reaching peak carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality’into the overall planning of ecological civilization construction and the environmental law regulation system.The‘synergy relationship theory’guidelines for Chi-na's climate change legislation include:①Adhering to the overall national security concept,fully integrating the principle of appropri-ate risk prevention into climate change legislation,and promoting the normative interpretation of climate risk regulation,the integration of climate change legal principles,and the institutional system.②Promoting the gradual work of climate change mitigation,preventing the work of clima

关 键 词：风险规制 比例原则 预防原则 协同关系说 气候变化立法 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]