2013-2022年福州市疟疾流行特征  

The epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022

作　　者：郑霄雁[1] 陈清泉 王瀚炜 刘必端 陈瑞鑫 ZHENG Xiaoyan;CHEN Qingquan;WANG Hanwei;LIU Biduan;CHEN Ruixin(Department of Emergency Response,Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Affiliated of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350004,China;School of Public Health,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学附属福州市疾病预防控制中心应急处置科,福建福州350004 [2]福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2024年第2期273-275,共3页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：福建省卫生健康重大科研专项基金(2021ZD0101);福建省科技引导性项目(2022D021)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2013-2022年福州市疟疾病例的流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对福州市2013-2022年法定报告输入性疟疾病例资料进行详细的描述分析,采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2013-2022年福州市共报告疟疾病例329例,均为输入性病例。病例以恶性疟为主,占73.25%,间日疟次之。在1-2月份和5-7月份有2个明显的高峰。自2020年开始福州市输入性疟疾病例数呈现明显的下降。2020-2022年的福州市疟疾年均发病率与2013-2019年的疟疾年均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=258.46,P<0.01)。输入性疟疾以非洲地区输入病例为主,共计289例,占87.84%,主要来自尼日利亚、刚果金、喀麦隆等国家。在人群分布中男性多于女性,性别比为10.75∶1,年龄分布以25~55岁青壮年为主。各型疟疾的确诊时间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=48.53,P<0.01),其中恶性疟确诊时间最短,中位数为3 d,间日疟次之。结论 新冠病毒疫情发生前福州市输入性疟疾防控形势仍较为严峻,新冠病毒疫情发生后加强入境人员的隔离管控,以及加强疟疾流行地区旅居史的排查,能够有效减少疟疾病例的发生,降低疟疾的传播风险。Objective The epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed,and the prevention and control strategies of imported malaria were discussed,which provided a basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods The data on imported malaria cases legally reported in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods,and the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results A total of 329 imported cases of malaria were reported in Fuzhou from 2013 to 2022.The confirmed cases were mainly falciparum malaria,accounting for 73.25%,followed by vivax.There were two distinct peaks in January⁃February and May⁃July.There had been a significant decline in imported malaria cases in Fuzhou since 2020.The annual average incidence of malaria in Fuzhou from 2020 to 2022 was statistically different from that from 2013 to 2019(χ^(2)=258.46,P<0.01).The imported malaria was mainly from the Africa region,with a total of 289 cases,accounting for 87.84%,mainly from Nigeria,the Democratic Republic of the Congo,Cameroon and other countries.There were more men than women,the sex ratio was 10.75∶1,and the age distribution was dominated by young adults aged 25 to 55 years old.The difference between the various type of malaria diagnosis time was also statistically significant(χ^(2)=48.53,P<0.01),of which the median time of diagnosis of falciparum malaria was the shortest,3 days,followed by vivax malaria.Conclusions Before the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic,the situation of imported malaria prevention and control in Fuzhou was still relatively severe.However,strengthening the isolation and control of entry personnel after the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic,as well as strengthening the investigation of the travel history of malaria⁃endemic areas,should be done to reduce the occurrence of malaria cases and reduce the risk of malaria transmission.

关 键 词：疟疾 输入性 发病率 防控策略 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]