18世纪法国百科全书中的基础物质观——与英国对比  

Views on Fundamental Substances in the Encyclopedias in 18th Century France:A Comparison with England

作　　者：佟艺辰 徐雅纯 TONG Yichen;XU Yachun(School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Bejing 100049,China;School of Law and Public Afairs,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学人文学院,北京100049 [2]南京信息工程大学法政学院,南京210044

出　　处：《中国科技史杂志》2024年第1期120-132,共13页The Chinese Journal for the History of Science and Technology

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金。

摘　　要：18世纪被称作“百科全书的世纪”。法国诸种百科全书中的“部分”“微粒”“原子”“元素”“要素”五个概念分属元素论和原子论两大化学传统,反映出法国知识界对于化学基本物质观的理解和态度及与英国的不同。在法国,元素论的基础物质观正在完成从旧学说到新学说、从自然哲学到化学的蜕变,扎根于化学实践之中,而原子论的基础物质观则被视为形而上的古代学说,并没有占据化学思想的主流。The 18th century was called the Encyclopedic Century.The five concepts of"partie","particule","atome","element"and"principe"in the various French encyclopedias respectively belonged to the two major chemical traditions of elementalism and atomism,reflecting the understanding and attitudes of the French intelligentsia towards the views on fundamental substances in chemistry at the time,which was distinct from the British ones.In France,the elementalist view of fundamental substances,deeply rooted in the practice of chemistry,was in the process of the transformation from an old doctrine to a new one,from natural philosophy to chemistry,while the atomist view was regarded as a metaphysical and ancient doctrine that did not dominate the mainstream of chemical thought.

关 键 词：百科全书 18世纪法国化学 元素论 原子论 

分 类 号：N09[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学] O6-09[理学—化学]