大鳍鳠精子生物学特性及几种环境因子对其活力的影响  

Biological characteristics of the spermatozoa of Mystus macropterus and the effect of several environmental factors on their motility

作　　者：陈思奇 朱永久[2] 吴兴兵[2] 杨德国[2] 刘应保 李晓莉[2] CHEN Siqi;ZHU Yongjiu;WU Xingbing;YANG Deguo;LIU Yingbao;LI Xiaoli(Collage of Life Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434020,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434020 [2]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430223

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第1期40-50,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：湖北省长江野生鱼类繁育驯化科技攻关项目;国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费院级湖库增殖渔业创新团队项目(2023TD61)。

摘　　要：为探究大鳍鳠(Mystusmacropterus)精子生物学特性及环境因子对其精子活力的影响,提高精子活力,本研究对其精液pH、渗透压、精子密度、精子运动参数进行测定,对精子的结构进行观察,同时设定pH、葡萄糖和离子(NaCl、KCl、CaCl_(2))浓度梯度,应用计算机辅助精子分析系统(CASA)观察其对精子活力的影响。结果表明,大鳍鳠精子由头部、颈部和尾部组成,无顶体,有侧鳍。大鳍鳠平均精子密度为2.50×10^(9)个/mL,精液pH为7.0~7.2,精浆渗透压为(634.16±6.66) kPa。精浆中离子成分以Na^(+)含量最高,其次是K^(+),之后依次为Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、Fe^(3+)、Zn^(2+),未检测出Cu^(2+)。精浆水解氨基酸总量为169239.21μmol/L,其中以亮氨酸含量最高,蛋氨酸含量最低。大鳍鳠精子经去离子水激活后,运动率、快速运动时间和寿命分别为(48.61±14.85)%、(34.00±4.00) s、(396.50±9.50) s,直线运动速率、曲线运动速率及平均路径运动速率分别为(11.50±6.26)μm/s、(24.21±8.68)μm/s、(14.00±5.99)μm/s。精子在pH7.0~9.0的偏碱性水中活力较强,最适pH为8.0;精子在NaCl、KCl、CaCl_(2)浓度为1 g/L、5 g/L、6 g/L时,运动率达到峰值;葡萄糖浓度为7 g/L时精子活力达到最高。研究表明,大鳍鳠精子适宜pH为7.0~9.0;适宜浓度的NaCl、KCl、CaCl_(2)和葡萄糖对大鳍鳠精子活力具有较好的促进作用。Mystus macropterus has delicious taste,rich nutrients and fast growth rate.It is a high-quality breed requiring further development.To investigate the biological characteristics of M.macropterus sperm and its adaptability to the external environment,the pH,osmotic pressure,sperm density,and sperm motility parameters of semen were determined,and the structure of the sperm was observed.The effects of environmental factors,such as pH,glucose,and ions(including NaCl,KCl,and CaCl_(2)),on sperm motility were also investigated.Based on the experimental data,the sperm of M.macropterus possessed a head,neck,and tail,and lacked acrosomes and had lateral fins.The mean sperm density of M.macropterus was 2.50×10^(9),the pH of semen was stable between 7.0 and 7.2,and the osmotic pressure was stable at(634.16±6.66)kPa.Na+content was the highest in the seminal plasma,followed by K^(+),Mg^(2+),Ca^(2+),Fe^(3+),and Zn^(2+)and no Cu^(2+)was detected.The total amount of hydrolyzed amino acids in seminal plasma was approximately 169239.21μmol/L.The largest proportion was composed of leucine,whereas the methionine content was relatively low.When sperm was activated by deionized water,the percentage of motile sperm,fast movement time,and life time were(48.61±14.85)%,(34.00±4.00)s,and(396.50±9.50)s,respectively.The straight line velocity,curvilinear velocity,and average path velocity were(11.50±6.26),(24.21±8.68),and(14.00±5.99)μm/s,respectively.Sperm activity was most powerful in a slightly alkaline water environment with a pH of 7.0 to 9.0,with the optimal pH being 8.0.Simultaneously,when the concentrations of NaCl,KCl,and CaCl_(2) were 1,5,and 6 g/L,respectively,the percentage of motile sperm reached a maximum.Sperm motility was the greatest when glucose levels were maintained at 7 g/L.In conclusion,the sperm of M.macropterus had the best living environment in a pH range of 7.0 to 9.0.At the same time,appropriate concentrations of NaCl,KCl,CaCl_(2),and glucose could also effectively improve the sperm motility of M.macropteru

关 键 词：大鳍鳠 精子结构 精子活力 CASA 精浆成分 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]