清代国家祭礼等次制度研究  

On The Hierarchical System for State Ritual Sacrifices in The Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张小李[1] Zhang Xiaoli

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院图书馆

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2024年第4期107-121,146,共16页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：清代国家祭礼分大祀、中祀、群祀三个等级,其礼仪要素具有普遍性,但也有较大的等次差别。群祀与大祀、中祀存在巨大的礼仪鸿沟,大祀与中祀之间也有礼仪等次差异,同一坛庙不同祭祀和不同神位之间礼仪等次差别明显。清代国家祭礼的等次差异既是历史的延续,也是基于实际情况的考量。理清清代国家祭礼礼仪要素共性基础上的等次差别,既有利于从整体上把握清代国家祭礼,也有利于透彻地了解特定的坛庙祭祀。The state sacrificial rites of the Qing Dynasty are officially graded into three——high,medium,low.The elements of etiquette are shared in general but quite different by rank.The implementation of ritual sacrifices varies by the status of the deities of the same temple.The rank differences of the state ceremonial sacrifices of the Qing Dynasty takes in both the tradition and the reality in practice.It is of significance to look into the official ceremonial rites of all grades based on the shared-elements of etiquette,which contributes to an overview of the state sacrificial rites and etiquette of the Qing Dynasty and recognizing the ceremonial occasion carried out in a specific altar and the temple.

关 键 词：清代 国家祭礼 大祀 中祀 群祀 等次制度 坛庙 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K892.98[历史地理—中国史] D691[政治法律—政治学]