超大规格中华绒螯蟹繁育子代生长性能及养殖效果  

Growth performance and culture effect of breeding progeny of large-sized Chinese mitten crabs(Eriocheir sinensis)

作　　者：梁梓龙 姜晓东 张光宝 吴旭干[1,2,3] LIANG Zilong;JIANG Xiaodong;ZHANG Guangbao;WU Xugan(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Institute of Mariculture Breeding and Seed Industry,Zhejiang Wanli University,Ningbo 315100,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部淡水种质资源重点实验室,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]浙江万里学院宁海海洋生物种业研究院,浙江宁波315100

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2024年第2期197-208,共12页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2400702);浙江省长兴县科技局农业科技项目(2022N13);上海市崇明区科委农业科技项目(CK2022-37)。

摘　　要：为评估中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)超大规格亲本(母本≥300g,父本≥400g)繁育子代的养殖效果,本研究以正常规格亲本(300 g≥母本≥150 g, 400 g≥父本≥250 g)作为对照,比较了超大规格和正常规格中华绒螯蟹繁育子代F1在扣蟹及成蟹阶段的生长性能和养殖效果差异。结果显示:(1)超大规格组个体在豆蟹、扣蟹及成蟹阶段的平均体重均一直高于对照组,其中扣蟹和成蟹体重分别于9—11月和7月差异显著(P<0.05);(2)生殖蜕壳及性腺发育方面,超大规格组雄体和雌体在9月5日至9月25日和7月25日至9月5日期间的生殖蜕壳率分别显著低于对照组(P<0.05),此外,超大规格组雌体的性腺指数在性腺发育前期(9月10日)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),雄体则在性腺发育中期(10月10日)显著较低(P<0.05);(3)超大规格组在扣蟹阶段的产出重量和成蟹阶段的最终产量均高于对照组,其中雄体在扣蟹阶段的产量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);(4)就规格分布而言,超大规格组雌雄个体中大规格扣蟹(>12 g)及大规格成蟹(雄蟹>230 g,雌蟹>200 g)所占比例均显著高于对照组,且超大规格组中小规格扣蟹及小规格成蟹所占比例显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,在扣蟹和成蟹养殖阶段,超大规格亲本繁育子代相较于对照组具有更快的生长速度和更高的产量,且子代中大规格蟹的比例显著高于对照组,由此认为超大规格亲本繁育子代具有更高的经济效益优势。This study was conducted to evaluate the breeding effect and growth performance of oversized Eriocheir sinensis parents(maternal≥300 g,paternal≥400 g)using normal parents(maternal≥150 g,paternal≥250 g)as the controls.The experimental period lasted for approximately 20 months.During the experiment,multiple growth-proofing and gonadal developmental anatomies were combined with the final harvest size distribution.The growth performance,gonadal development,and culture effect of the two groups were comprehensively evaluated,and the results showed the following:(1)the average body weight of the oversized group was higher than that of the control group at the bean,juvenile,and adult crab stages,and it was significantly higher than that of the control group from September to November during the juvenile crab culture stage(P<0.05).For adult crabs,the average body weight was significantly higher than that of the control group in July(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the average body weight of the two groups in other months.(2)In terms of puberty-molting and gonadal development,the puberty-molting rates of males and females in the oversized group were significantly lower from September 5 to September 25 and July 25 to September 5(P<0.05).In addition,the gonadosomatic indices(GSI)of males and females in the oversized group were significantly lower on October 10th and September 10th(P<0.05).The hepatosomatic index(HSI)of males in the oversized group was significantly higher than that of males in the control group(P<0.05)on October 10th and the HSI of individual crabs in the oversized group was higher,but there was no significant difference at the other time points(P>0.05).(3)For juvenile crabs,the survival rate and yield of the oversized group were higher than those of the control group,and the yield of male bodies at the juvenile stage was significantly different from that of the control group(P<0.05).For adult crabs,although the oversized group had a lower survival rate,the average body weight of t

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 亲本规格 养殖性能 生殖蜕壳 性腺发育 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]