南京中产阶层居住迁移的时空特征与典型模式  

Characteristics and typical patterns of middle-class residential mobility in Nanjing, China

作　　者：宋伟轩[1] 叶玲 路以豪 徐旳[3] SONG Weixuan;YE Ling;LU Yihao;XU Di(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Geographical Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023

出　　处：《地理研究》2024年第5期1187-1204,共18页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42171234)。

摘　　要：城市内部居住迁移是城市社会地理学重要研究议题,既可以反映出个人/家庭迁居行为的时空规律,也可以作为从微观视角解读城市社会空间分异的有效工具。在探讨中国城市迁居背景、研究意义和时代需求的基础上,依托4015份南京城市居民迁居调查问卷,筛选出符合特定经济社会属性特征的中产阶层家庭,从迁居频率、方向、距离和原因等方面分析中产阶层居住迁移的时空特征,采用Mantel test分析和随机森林模型辨识典型居住迁移模式。研究发现:(1)南京城市内部迁居频率迅速升高,以近距离、改善型迁居为主,后代教育逐渐成为更多中产家庭迁居的首要因素。(2)根据个人/家庭社会经济、住宅和迁居等多维属性,提炼出就近改善型、郊区品质型、房价驱使型和教育主导型四种典型中产阶层迁居模式。(3)迁居模式的形成与分化是不同中产家庭主观需求与客观条件相“平衡”或“再平衡”的结果。城市居住迁移的多维属性间存在着复杂的交互作用,使迁居类型与模式等规律性特征的辨识难度增大,但作为理解个体居住选择行为与城市社会空间结构互动关系的核心,有必要继续深入开展城市迁居时空特征与模式、驱动因素与机制、未来趋势与效应等相关问题的研究。Intraurban residential mobility is an important research topic in urban social geography,as it not only reflects the temporal and spatial patterns of individual/family relocation behaviors,but also serves as an effective tool for interpreting urban social spatial differentiation from a micro perspective.Based on the exploration of the background and significance of urban mobility research in China,this study relies on more than four thousand questionnaires of a residential mobility survey in Nanjing city,selects middle-class families that meet specific socio-economic characteristics,and analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of the middle-class residential mobility from aspects such as mobility frequency,direction,distance,and reasons,using the Mantel Test for analysis and random forest models to identify typical residential mobility patterns.The research found that:(1)the internal mobility frequency in Nanjing has risen rapidly,with 14.77%of families moving in 2020.The mobility distance is relatively short,and the main purpose is to improve living conditions,while education for offspring is gradually becoming the primary factor for more middle-class families to move.(2)According to individual/family socio-economic,housing,and mobility multi-dimensional attributes,four typical middle-class mobility patterns are distilled:The nearby improvement mobility is the most common relocation model among the middle class,aimed at improving living conditions and fulfilling the residential needs of families at different life stages or courses;the suburb quality pursuit mobility involves a small portion of the affluent middle class actively moving to large,high-end residences in the suburbs;the high housing price escape mobility is a common migration model chosen by young middle-class families,characterized by being"pushed out"to the outskirts of the city;the education-driven mobility is adopted by middle-class families who are moving closer to high-quality educational resources for their offspring's better educatio

关 键 词：居住迁移 中产阶层 社会空间 迁居模式 南京 

分 类 号：K901[历史地理—人文地理学] D663[政治法律—政治学]