积石山Ms 6.2级地震诱发的次生泥流灾害再现喇家遗址史前灾难场景  

The mudflow disaster induced by the Ms 6.2 Jishishan earthquake reproduces the prehistorical catastrophes in the Lajia Ruins

作　　者：张玉柱 沈铭健 郭永强 孟兴民[5,6] 李亚军 钟宁[7] 陈发虎 Yuzhu Zhang;Mingjian Shen;Yongqiang Guo;Xingmin Meng;Yajun Li;Ning Zhong;Fahu Chen(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System,Resources and Environment(TPESRE),Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation Group(ALPHA),Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Earth Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and Geological Safety,Ministry of Natural Resources,Institute of Geomechanics,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [4]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041 [5]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000 [6]兰州大学地质科学与矿产资源学院,兰州730000 [7]中国地质科学院地质力学研究所,自然资源部活动构造与地质安全重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《科学通报》2024年第10期1320-1326,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42277449,42171092);国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0203800)资助。

摘　　要：喇家遗址位于青海省民和县官亭盆地黄河北岸的第二级阶地之上,是一处以大型的齐家文化(4200~3600 a BP)为主的聚落遗址[1].在遗址区8处房址中发现了32具非正常死亡人骨遗骸和惨烈灾难场景,被称为“东方庞贝”,并出土了已知世界上最早的面条.凭借其罕见的史前灾难遗迹和诸多突破性的新发现,喇家遗址入选2001年度“全国十大考古新发现”[1~4].近年来,对于造成喇家遗址齐家文化时期人群突然死亡和聚落毁灭废弃的灾难问题,学术界提出了各种观点和见解,引发了激烈的学术争议[4~9].其中,基于观察到的史前地震现象、毁灭喇家遗址齐家文化聚落的堆积物、全新世地层沉积特征和区域地貌演化,学术界提出了3种不同的观点.The Lajia Ruins,a large Neolithic settlement of the Qijia Culture(4200–3600 a BP),is located on the second terrace of the Yellow River within the Guanting Basin,Minhe County,Qinghai Province.Archaeological excavations have revealed 32 human skeletons in a variety of postures resting on the dwelling floors,as well as the earliest millet noodles in the world.These discoveries present startlingly unusual scenes that suggest dramatic and miserable prehistoric catastrophes in the ruins.And then,these ruins were selected as one of China’s Top 10 New Archaeological Discoveries of 2001.Scholars have put forward various views about the causes of the collapse of the prehistorical settlement of the Qijia Culture in the ruins.One view is that an earthquake first caused the houses to collapse,and that an extreme rainstorm flood event of the Yellow River then completely destroyed the prehistoric settlement.Another view is that the paleo-earthquake led to a massive landslide damming event in the Jishixia Gorges of the Yellow River,and that after six to nine months,a tremendous outburst flood with a peak discharge of ca.40×104 m 3/s resulted in the collapse of the prehistorical settlement.However,our team determined that the prehistoric settlement was destroyed at ca.3850 a BP by a major paleo-earthquake as the first hitting,immediately followed by large-scale rainstorm-induced flashfloods and mudflows from tributary gullies.Earthquakes and their secondary disasters often cause great losses for human society.On December 18,2023,a Ms 6.2 earthquake struck Jishishan County,Gansu Province,killing 151 people(117 in Gansu Province and 34 in Qinghai Province),injuring 980,and damaging infrastructure such as houses and roads.Caotan and Jintian villages in Minhe County within the Guanting Basin suffered severe secondary disasters such as landslides and mudflows.Several meters of mudflow deposits buried residents,houses,and roads,causing considerable problems for rescue operations and attracting wide attention.The Lajia Ruins and Ca

关 键 词：喇家遗址 齐家文化 史前灾难 考古新发现 聚落遗址 积石山 非正常死亡 庞贝 

分 类 号：P642.26[天文地球—工程地质学] P315.9[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] K878[天文地球—地质学]