能力增值对本科毕业生就业质量的影响研究——基于全国高校毕业生就业状况抽样调查的实证分析  

The Impact of Value-added Ability on the Employment Quality of Undergraduates

作　　者：邱文琪 岳昌君[2] QIU Wenqi;YUE Changjun(Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715;Institute of Economics of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715 [2]北京大学教育经济研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第7期26-36,共11页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“技能匹配视角下我国工科毕业生的就业流动及其经济效应”(72304230);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大课题“高校毕业生高质量就业的评价与对策研究”(22JJD880038);中央高校基本科研业务人文社科科研启动项目“高质量发展视域下我国高等教育人才供给与市场需求的耦合效应研究”(SWU2309703)的部分成果。

摘　　要：实现更加充分更高质量就业是我国“十四五”时期的重要目标,作为重点群体之一,高校毕业生的就业尤为受到关注。本研究基于2013-2021年全国高校毕业生就业状况抽样调查数据,采用多种统计和计量回归方法,探讨本科生在高等教育阶段的能力增值对就业质量的影响。研究发现,本科生在高等教育期间的能力增值对其就业质量存在显著的正向影响,认知能力增值和非认知能力增值的提升均有助于促进就业满意度的提高,且认知能力增值对于毕业生的就业起薪有显著的正向影响。进一步的分类分析发现,能力增值的影响存在显著的学校类型差异,这一影响主要体现在非“双一流”高校学生的就业起薪上,而对“双一流”高校学生没有产生显著影响。建议高校和学生结合实际加强对认知能力和非认知能力的塑造与培养,同时强化以能力为导向的市场化用人机制。Realizing fuller and higher-quality employment is an important goal of China's"14th Five-Year Plan"period.As one of the key groups,the employment of college graduates is especially concerned.Based on the five national college graduates'employment survey data from 2013 to 2021,this study explores the impact of the value-added ability of undergraduates on their employment quality,using a variety of statistical and econometric regression methods.It is found that undergraduates'value-added ability during higher education has a significant positive impact on their employment quality,that both cognitive value-added ability and non-cognitive value-added ability help to promote employment satisfaction,and that cognitive value-added ability has a significant positive impact on undergraduates'starting salary in employment.Further analysis reveals that there is a significant difference in school type in the impact of value-added ability,which is mainly reflected in the starting salary of students from non-double first-class colleges and universities,but has no significant impact on students from double first-class colleges and universities.It is recommended that higher education institutions and students should strengthen the shaping and cultivation of cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,and there is a need to strengthen the competency-oriented market-oriented hiring mechanism.

关 键 词：能力增值 认知能力 非认知能力 就业质量 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济] G647.38[经济管理—国民经济]