核糖体的翻译调控及其在精子发生中的研究进展  

Ribosomal Regulation of Protein Translation and Its Research Progress on Spermatogenesis

作　　者：肖惠娟 李会玲 郭雪江[1] 沙家豪[1] XIAO Huijuan;LI Huiling;GUO Xuejiang;SHA Jiahao(State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学生殖医学与子代健康全国重点实验室,南京211166

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2024年第4期553-560,共8页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:82221005)资助的课题。

摘　　要：蛋白质合成过程是基因表达不可或缺的关键步骤,将信使RNA(mRNA)中编码的遗传信息转化为特定的蛋白质。这个过程在各种生物中都具有高度的保守性,是细胞生长、发育、繁殖和适应环境变化的基础。核糖体作为蛋白质合成的“执行器”,在这个复杂而精密的过程中扮演着不可或缺的角色。在精子的形成过程中蛋白质的合成及其精准调控对于正常精子发生至关重要。这种调控的精密性使得精子能够在发育过程中经历形态和功能的变化,从而最终成熟为能够完成受精任务的精子。该文将深入探讨核糖体的组成、功能、在翻译过程中的调控机制,包括精子发生过程中的翻译调控作用,阐述其在生殖生物学领域的重要意义。The process of protein synthesis is an essential step in gene expression,converting the genetic information encoded in mRNA(messenger RNA)into specific proteins.This process is highly conserved in various organisms and serves as the foundation for cell growth,development,reproduction,and adaptation to environmental changes.As the“executor”of protein synthesis,the ribosome plays an indispensable role in this complex and precise process.The synthesis of proteins and their precise regulation during spermatogenesis are crucial for normal sperm development.The intricacy of this regulation allows sperm to undergo morphological and functional changes during development,ultimately maturing into sperm capable of fulfilling fertilization tasks.This paper will delve into the composition and functions of the ribosome,as well as its regulatory mechanisms in the translation process,including its role in translation regulation during spermatogenesis,elucidating its significance in the field of reproductive biology.

关 键 词：核糖体 翻译调控 核糖体异质性 共翻译折叠 精子蛋白稳态 

分 类 号：Q753[生物学—分子生物学]