原始卵泡库的形成、维持和激活分子调控机制研究进展及其临床应用  

Research Progress and Clinical Application of Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms for the Formation,Maintenance,and Activation of the Primordial Follicles

作　　者：傅嘉怡 王克瀚 陈琦[1] 李晶[1] FU Jiayi;WANG Kehan;CHEN Qi;LI Jing(State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 211166,China)

机构地区：[1]南京医科大学生殖医学与子代健康全国重点实验室,南京211166

出　　处：《中国细胞生物学学报》2024年第4期628-644,共17页Chinese Journal of Cell Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFC2703000)资助的课题。

摘　　要：卵泡是哺乳动物卵巢结构和功能的基本单位,由位于中央的卵子和周围的体细胞组成。原始卵泡是卵泡发育的最早阶段,在哺乳动物出生前后形成。由于数量有限,原始卵泡构成了卵巢的储备库,为女性的生殖周期提供成熟卵子。原始卵泡在大部分时间内处于休眠状态,直到被激活后开始生长和发育,最终成为可排卵的成熟卵泡。原始卵泡休眠与激活的动态平衡对于卵巢生殖功能的维持非常重要,而各种因素导致的原始卵泡库提前耗竭则可能引起女性的早发性卵巢功能不全。该文系统总结了过去二十年关于原始卵泡形成和激活分子机制的研究进展,全面概述了原始卵泡体外激活技术的发展和在治疗早发性卵巢功能不全或卵巢功能障碍导致的不孕症患者中的临床应用。此外,该文就如何调节原始卵泡库来保护卵巢储备、延缓卵巢衰老方面的研究也进行了讨论,为诊断和治疗与卵泡发育相关的疾病、卵巢性不孕不育的干预以及女性生育力保存提供了新的思路。The follicle is the basic unit of the ovary,consisting of a centrally located oocyte and the surrounding somatic cells(granulosa cells and theca).In mammals,primordial follicles are formed in limited numbers before or after birth.These follicles remain dormant for most of the time,comprising the ovarian reserve and supplying mature oocytes during a female’s reproductive life.Activation of primordial follicles into growing stage is referred as the initial follicle recruitment.The dynamic balance between dormancy and activation of primordial follicles is crucial for maintaining ovarian reproductive function,while premature depletion of the primordial follicle pool due to various factors may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency in females.This review outlines the importance of the events leading to the establishment of the ovarian reserve and highlights the fundamental factors and molecular networks known to influence primordial follicle activation in mouse.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the development and clinical application of in vitro activation of primordial follicles for the treatment of infertility in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency or ovarian dysfunction.Other research progress in the manipulation of the primordial follicle pool aimed at delaying ovarian aging and fertility preservation is also discussed.

关 键 词：原始卵泡 原始卵泡激活 原始卵泡体外激活技术 卵巢衰老 

分 类 号：R711.75[医药卫生—妇产科学]